Case Study – Make Green Delicious

————————————————- A. ————————————————- Introduction/Statement of the Problem: As the executive director of the National Hockey League Players’ Association (NHLPA), Bob Goodenow is faced with the issue of developing a communications strategy for the NHLPA. It must establish a strong bargaining stance for the players that effectively communicate their position on the salary cap issue, while also retain the loyalty of hockey fans. B. ————————————————- Analysis:The current Collective Bargaining Agreement includes a limited salary cap and entry-level salary cap, and expires September 15th, 2004. It is no longer successful at controlling rapid growth in player salaries and forming a direct link between salary growth and league revenues. The Unified Report of Operations claims that the majority of NHL teams have lost money in recent years. Owners believe that there are â€Å"major deficiencies in the current contract that has led to significant financial losses and a competitive imbalance. Smaller teams can’t compete with larger teams; therefore the league can’t be competitive.There is a transition from a local market to a league-wide market, so players’ salaries are escalating to levels that are unsustainable. Entry-level salary caps are ineffective due to signing bonuses. The NHL revenue growth equals 173%, while the players’ salary growth equals 261% over the term of the CBA. The players’ salaries account for 75% of NHL revenues, which is much higher than other sports. Owners believe a mechanism is needed to control player salaries and tie them to revenues. Players question the validity of the financial information, URO, and Levitt Report.Players argue against the proposed solutions and say free market forces should determine players’ salaries. There is no validity in the owners’ financial statements, which may support that the lack of revenues is due to poor business decisions, not high player salaries. C. ————————————————- Alternatives: A) Strategy that focuses on the players’ current stance on the salary cap, using free market forces, questionable financial validity, and poor business decisions as their platforms for gaining the media and the fans support.B) Strategy that emphasizes on the lack of financial transparency of the NHL and its owners that has led a delayed agreement. C) Continue with the current communications strategy. D. ————————————— ———- Recommendation: Bob is recommended to choose alternative A and pursue a communications strategy, which emphasizes the NHL players’ current position on the proposed salary cap. E. ————————————————- Implementation Plan: Bob should begin by clearly establishing the players’ values and goals in regards to the negotiation and how he intends on communicating them to reach the fans.This would involve taking the players’ stance on the salary cap and communicating it consistently through the NHLPA’s website, players’ personal social media, radio interviews, etc. It would include reasoning to support the players’ position, such as the lack of transparency and validity in financial information presented by the NHL owners, as well as the importance of free markets in the determination of salaries. By using the players as a source of free media and publicity, the NHLPA can emphasize their position and sympathize with the fans and their common love for the game.Here, the players can explain that a salary cap would essentially be equal to a salary cut for players. This is something that nobody would agree with if it came to their own job, whether they are rich or poor. By effectively communicating the players’ stance on the proposed salary cap to the fans and public, the NHLPA can gain a favourable bargaining position over the NHL owners for the upcoming negotiations in September 2004. It will also help retain fan loyalty to the NHL and its organizations, which is a common interest for both parties.

John Dewey-Role of the Teacher Essay

John Dewey An American philosopher, psychologist, and educational reformer, John Dewey (October 20, 1859 – June 1, 1952) was one of the recognized founders of Pragmatism and a leader in progressive movement in U. S. education during the first half of the 20th century. The individual being, its relationship with the organizational or societal dynamics as well as the reason or logic around it is the essence of progressive philosophy of John Dewey. Cooper (1995) in Wells (2006) states that problem solving and creating skills, needed for in today’s world is emphasized in a progressivist curriculum which should be built around the students’ needs and personal experiences and it is a must for a teacher to present lessons that simulate a real-life situation to their students. Teachers’ understanding of an individual should be based on critical analysis evaluation using practical or realistic verification. Dewey (University of Albany, 2006) states that a person using the â€Å"problem solving approach† and the â€Å"experimental focus† of scientific method to govern their own life was the building block of how reasonable and ethical organizations operate and that school should be â€Å"child centered† with the curriculum and instruction tailored to facilitate the development of the individual. According to Sidorsky (1977), Dewey called as oppressive the elementary and secondary schools for they do not promote exploration and growth, thus, through his works a number of reforms in schools around the U. S. were implemented to enhance the development of free personalities. Dewey’s belief (1938) that schools should teach its students how to think rather than learning rote lessons and develop analytical approach in problem solving in real life situations. According to Campbell (1995), Dewey espoused judgment focus schools rather than knowledge should be developed and used in order for school children to become mature persons and can give sound judgments on the problems of human living. Further, he believes that schools, as an institution, should inculcate in the minds of the students and put to practice the learned techniques on how to live and work cooperatively and harmoniously with others. As Dewey’s beliefs focused on the learner’s right to participate on any decision that will affect their learning, he was more concerned with teachers’ rights as well as their academic freedom. Flanagan (1994) states that Dewey’s aim was to create a laboratory school where children are free to learn for themselves with an able tutelage from a professional mentor. It was in the old school according to Dewey (Flanagan, 1994) that the teachers forced the learners against their will or interest in order to learn the structured or established subjects. There were two main teacher functions according to John Dewey. First, the teacher must guide the young learner through life complexities and give them opportunities to learn in the natural way by means of solving relevant problems. Second, a teacher must also enable the young learner to adequately cope with contemporary conditions and the new tasks, which an unforeseeable future may bring. In Dewey’s type â€Å"classroom,† the teachers should plan its lessons in order to arouse students’ curiosity and push them to a higher level of knowledge thus encourage them to learn by doing and to interact with one another, and develop cooperation and tolerance as a virtue. Also, they are encouraged to solve problems on a variety of actual situations which they may encounter outside the four walls of the classroom and in the process develop flexibility in problem solving as well as in acquiring needed tools necessary for adulthood (Wells, 2006). Progressivists’ Dewey according to Wells (2006) believes that this approach to education is a perpetually enriching process of ongoing growth. The critical thinking skills development can be best achieved through soliciting queries from students. In a progressive classroom, the teacher creates practical activities that would guide the students through problem solving and show its relevance to their lives outside of the classroom. Wells (2006) also states that these teaching methods also include guided discovery and hands-on learning. She stated that not only do the students discuss what they are learning, but they also experience it through role-playing. Finally, according to Wells (2006), the progressivist teacher believes that in â€Å"hands-on† approach, children will learn better. Dewey (1938) in Flanagan (1994) wrote that teacher’s school presence as community member was to select the influences that will affect the young learner and to assist them in the appropriate responses to the given influences and not to impose upon them certain ideas or to form certain habits. Further, the teacher’s business is simply to determine, on the basis of varied experiences and sound wisdom, how the disciplines of life shall develop the personality of the child. According to Dewey (1938) it is the primordial obligation of an educator to comprehensively understand the nature of human experiences otherwise they will fail in their responses to young learners. In Neil (2005), it was stated that experience arises from the interaction of two principles — continuity and interaction as conceptualized by Dewey. In sum, individual’s present experience is a function of the interaction between one’s past experiences and the present situation. Finally, an environment full of socially-interacting relationships coupled with relevance and responsive to young child’s needs is the key to learning. The students, in this type of environment, create relationship between their classmates, friends or between them and their teachers thus facilitate their learning. These relationships make the children more comfortable and safe and in return they receive good learning needed in their lives. References: Campbell, J. (1995) Understanding john dewey. Nature and co-operative intelligence, Chicago: Open Court. Dewey, J. (1938) Experience and education, New York: Collier Books. Dewey, J. (1938/1997). Experience and education. Macmillan. Flanagan, F. (1994). John Dewey. The great educators,’ First series. Minerva – An Internet Journal of Philosophy. Volume 1. Retrieved March 15, 2006, from http://www. ul. ie/~philos/vol1/index. html Neill, J (2005). 500 Word summary of dewey’s â€Å"experience & education. † Retrieved March 15, 2006, from http://www. wilderdom. com/ experiential/SummaryJohnDeweyExperienceEducation. html Sidorsky, D. (1997). John dewey: the essential writings. New York: Harper and Row, 1977. Wells, C. (2006). My teaching philosophy. Retreived March 15, 2006, from www. webpages. csus. edu/~sac40265/teaching. htm.

The French Revolution Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 2

The French Revolution - Essay Example Lasting from 1789 to 1799, the French Revolution was an era of profound social and political turbulence that not only shaped the French, but also the entire trajectory of modern history. That is, the French Revolution was marked by great and revolutionary events that left a permanent mark on the history of the French and modern history; the most outstanding events of the French Revolution are the fall of powerful monarchies and churches as well as the rise of both democracy as well as nationalism. Successive years of poor harvest coupled by a serious economic crisis following a two years long war lead to the rise of deep resentment for the advantaged position of the clergy and the Aristocracy, thereby fuelling the demands for change (Eye witness to history, 2007). Enlightenment ideals were held in high esteem in this period, leading to the meeting of the Estates-General in 1989 and the announcement of the Tennis Court Oath by members of the Third Estate in the same year. These events were later followed by the assault on Bastille, the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen, as well as the march on Versailles, eventualities which many contemporaries consider to have set the revolution in motion. In the following years, after the rise of the revolution, different liberal assemblies were in constant struggles with right-wing supporters of the Monarch whose intent was to frustrate the reform movement; following the declaration of a republic in 1892, King Louis XVI was put to death a year later. The trajectory of the revolution was greatly influenced by a series of external threats as marked by the numerous conquests featured in the revolutionary wars including the conquest of the Italian Peninsula as well as other low lying countries and territories on the west of Rhine. Popular agitations in France eventually climaxed with the rise of

Comparing and Contrasting the Principles of Ethical Relativism Essay - 1

Comparing and Contrasting the Principles of Ethical Relativism - Essay Example It also states that there is nothing as morally right or morally wrong. We cannot judge the views of other people from a different culture. Our ethics and morals evolve with the passage of time. The evolution in ethics occurs due to interaction with different people of different virtues and diverse cultures. Some people do think that morals and ethics should not be discussed with each other as it may cause rupture in their relation and people must live on the principle of Live an Let live others formula. But this principle is not right. It is perilous and also gutless. It is dangerous as it prevents us from pointing out the morally and ethically wrongs of the civilization. It is also cowardly as it denies our responsibility to make the world better place to survive for everyone. Cultural Relativism point of view is that there are no universally valid moral values, and moral principles are related to the culture of the people in which they live. Anything is right for you if your culture allows it to be. The society is the authority which could differentiate between right or wrong. If the majority of the culturists decide something to be wrong, you will have to admit it as wrong. In the early ages, when people had to live in societies secluded to each other it would had been reasonable to think that the traditions and practices of one’s own culture are right. But now, in this modern age where world is globalized, it is not reasonable to think that own culture is the only right way. Many practices which would be right long time age are falsified in the modern world. The early Greeks felt proud of stealing, but in this era we consider it as wrong. Some villages in Uganda think that they have no responsibility over their children but it is condemned in our modernized world. In the modern world also Dos in one culture are DONTs in other cultures. Like eating beef is DO in USA but DON’T in India. Alcohol and gambling is DO in USA but

London Olympics 2012 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

London Olympics 2012 - Essay Example Similarly, there are significant health and safety problems both during and after the event because of a large number of workers that are needed for running the event. The author then talks about the documentary film on which she is working about the London 2012 Olympics. The title of film is ‘Construction in the games’ and it mainly deals with the legacy left by the construction industry in terms of employment and training for the locals. In the end, she points out there is a poor system of training in Britain as mostly the focus of training is on the traditional trades. Since the training from surrounding colleges is inadequate, according to professor, it would be extremely difficult to fulfil the legacy of the London Olympics. Even though it is generally believed that being the host for Olympics bring economic boom for the country, it is not easy to assess the economic impact of the Olympic Games (Cashman, 2002). As expected there is a great surge in the employment of the skilled labor for the construction as well as for different services (Economic and Social Research Council, 2012). However most of these labors are required only in the preparation stage of the game and the rapidly pacing economy suffers a heavy setback once the Olympic Games are over. This is because the labor and the services are no longer required and hence the host country is unable to maintain the momentum it had acquired before the start of the games (Girginov, 2005). Therefore it is not easy to analyze the overall economic impact of the Olympic Games. The Olympics is not merely a sports event but it has evolved into means of urban development and regeneration. It is imperative for the host country to have enough facilities for the participants as well as the spectators therefore a great deal of urban investment is generally required (Winch, 2012). This comes in the form of setting up

Assignment 1 & 2 Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

1 & 2 - Assignment Example Major organizations have established public relation department which focuses on how to impress the society. As much as strategies are usually applied to improve the public relation, ethics and company policies are the major influences. For example, if a child loses their life in a school compound, the public reaction towards the school would be very negative. The society will view the institution as an enemy to the community. With years the public relations are becoming difficult to improve. The society’s priorities towards organizations and institutions are increasing. This may be attributed to increased business ventures and the exposure to information. In schools the situation is the same. In the modern century school’s public relations should also be improved (Kowalski, 2010). 1. The implementation of PR is faced by several shortcomings. These shortcomings are based on understanding, accepting and acting. These barriers tend not to help in the influencing of the public’s perception towards the institution. Barriers to accepting are the barriers that prevent the public from accepting the PR implementation policies. According to Kowalski (2010) this barrier may be influenced by both internal and external factors. On internal factors, the institution may by having problems in influencing an ethical environment. The internal causes are mostly influenced by the conduct of the staff and administrators. If the institution has an appropriate PR implementation strategies and the conduct of the administrators is unethical, the public may find it difficult to accept the PR implementation policies. External factors are based on the fact that the public is exposed to many similar competitors. The institutions incentives may be not good enough to fulfill the pr iorities of the public hence they fail to accept any PR offering. A barrier to acting is the barrier that prevents the public from fulfilling their part as

ELEMENTS OF DESIGN AND STORIES OF SPACE, MEDIA Coursework

ELEMENTS OF DESIGN AND STORIES OF SPACE, MEDIA REPRESENTATION,STEREOTYPES,AND CRITICAL HISTORICAL CONTEXT, ART EUCATION - Coursework Example Many societies in the recent time are struggling with gender roles and positions with women hoping to achieve equity with men (Basten 2012). The initial posting themes also involved the aspect of culture, and especially the Western Culture. Following sources of history relayed through the media in form of advertisement, we are able to identify our culture. The elements of culture are learnable, indigenous people can teach them to people who are alien to a particular civilization. The initial postings explain the role that advertisement plays in the societies and how advertisement influence behavior of adolescents. It seems that the dynamics in advertisement is controlled by changing how we view our history. Education has also been addressed as a theme in the initial postings; these forms of education are achieved through artwork and artifacts in museums. The main type of education being passed by these tools is mainly cultural education. Post 2: Media and Presentations of Gender The most outstanding theme in the postings is the role of the media and that of women. In support of the media, in the past couple of decades children and adolescent are the largest consumers of advertisement with some targeting them directly. These come in the form of entertainment and media technologies. This is mainly because there is a booming market in the media industry that is mainly targeting the youth yet very little is known about their content and objectives. What makes this theme even more relevant is the fact that media and advertisement developers are not clear on the implication of their products on the society. The media aims at facilitating sharing of information across all stages of life but little is done to categorize the information being shared in their platforms. Media through advertisement mainly misleads and misrepresents facts in our history (Basten 2012). The role of women in the society on the other hand is a contentious issue met with different views across the world. The feminists are trying to remodel the rigid norms in the society that degrades women into gender sensitivity. The gender roles in the modern times are viewed as equal and if they were to harm, then they should harm both genders. The postings show how men are fully privileged as opposed to women, the feminists have all the reasons to change the situation around and achieve a more balanced societal environment. Post 3: Advertisement and the End of the World However, some themes mentioned in the posting are weaker and do not have grounds for example the issue of culture and its transmission. The channels of culture transmission according to the initial postings include, museums these reveals tribal arts, folk art and other forms of performances. Each culture has its own unique way of transmitting its own values to its members. Therefore looking for a convectional way of conserving and transmitting culture is not practically achievable. In addition, culture is adopted in a society when it is deemed beneficial by the member s of that particular community. This means that enforcing a culture that is not acceptable in a particular community either through advertisement in the mass media or education systems cannot achieve much success. There is also a tendency of people sticking to their cultural norms and resist change at all costs. The only thing that can change cultural orientation of a particular community is change of approach in their historical background. Changing a cultural setting

Cancer Nanotechnology Research Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Cancer Nanotechnology - Research Proposal Example The several available methods for treatment of cancer and all prove to have severe effects to the victims. A proper method of treatment put in place of these other forms of treatment; can be of a relief to the patients. Some cancer patients even believe that cancer treatment is worse than the cancer itself because of the side effects they have to go through. Cancer nanotechnology may have an answer to this big problem. First, it is cheaper, has faster detection methods, and has fewer side effects in comparison to the other forms of treatments. In nanotechnology if the cancer detection nanoparticles are loaded with anti cancer drugs then scientists can be able to attack cancer cells exactly where they are. A potent dose of the anticancer drugs is in delivery in form of time-release treatment. Thus, the delivery of the drugs is to a specific area but released over a period ensuring works effectively and at the same time keeps the patient safe. Once the drug is in the designated area wi th cancerous cells, the gold nanoparticles take the dye to the cancer cells. White blood cells reject this dye and once the dye is inside the cancer cells, they are activated by light to destroy these cells. This treatment in comparison to the others does not subject other parts of the body to chemicals that may affect certain areas such as the tissues. The chemicals are only concentrated to targeted areas with cancerous cells in the body. This way the problem of severe side effects can no longer be a major problem in cancer treatments with this effective and efficient form of treatment for cancer. In addition, nanotechnology is much cheaper if compared to these other forms of treatment. Nanotechnology proves to be an answer to those patients seeking cheaper treatment for cancer.

Intrinsic Compensation Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Intrinsic Compensation - Research Paper Example It is often expensive for an organization to hire new and skilled employees. Moreover, the frequent recruitment and retrenchment of employees may also have a significant impact on the current employees and on the organizational energy and motivational level. Additionally, by ignoring the issue of compensation, it does not go away or get better with the passage of time but will require valuable time and money to fix the system (Salanova & Kirmanen, 2010). In the highly dynamic business environment, successful organizations are constantly engaged in regular planning and evaluation of their compensation and performance appraisal systems. Thus, compensation system is a critical factor that directly influences the performance of the employees and the organization. Accordingly, an organization should ensure that it has clear and visible compensation system that is being regularly communicated to its employees which further acts as a motivational factor for the organization (Salanova & Kirm anen, 2010). Intrinsic Compensation According to Hamel (2008), â€Å"intrinsic compensations are derived from the workplace itself and are valued internally by the employee. These include opportunities for personal growth, quality of work life, job satisfaction, challenges, personal and professional development opportunities, a sense of belongingness, freedom to act visionary leadership† (Hamel, 2008, pp. 3). In other words, intrinsic compensation can be defined as those activities which have an influence on the intellectual, emotional and physical wellbeing of organizational employees. In the present highly dynamic business environment, intrinsic compensation plays a crucial role in motivating and retaining skilled employees in an organization. Intrinsic compensation deals with the employees critical psychological states of mind that is attributed to employees’ job performance. Intrinsic rewards such as autonomy in decision making, often acts as a motivational factor that seeks enhanced contribution from the existing employees of an organization. The greater employee satisfaction strengthens their engagement in an organization and helps an organization to retain talent within the organization (Allen, 2008). Intrinsic Compensation as a Motivational Factor Intrinsic compensation is derived from the satisfaction that an employee gets from performing their assigned tasks competently. An employee who is engaged in meaningful work tasks based on self defined goals and social norms is often motivated to perform exceptionally well and further develops an inherent interest for the assigned tasks. According to motivational theory of Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs, employees are highly motivated when their all the needs are effectively satisfied. In relation to this, when employees are satisfied they get the feeling of success from their work which in turn results in high employee motivation to perform their work in a better way (Salanova & Kirmanen, 2 010). Furthermore, healthy work environment is another mode of intrinsic compensation which adds to high motivational level among the workforce.

Died for Beauty Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Died for Beauty - Essay Example Thus, a careful reader can easily find traces, in her poems, of the physical isolation, loneliness, and eccentricities which she experienced in her personal life and these poems contain hints to her unfulfilled dreams. By and large, Dickinson’s poems are subjective in nature, short and unconventional in quality, and they were mainly for private circulation rather than large-scale publishing. The unique quality of her poems such as short lines, lack of titles, unconventional capitalization and punctuation, use of slant rhyme, etc have attracted readers of the subsequent generation, although Dickinson was almost unknown as poet during her lifetime. Dickinson’s poems mainly deal with her mysterious life which is presented to the readers through her mysterious verse. Through the various themes in her poems, Dickinson presented the startling aspects ordinary human life which includes the mysterious actuality of death. It is also greatly remarkable that she dealt with two rec urring themes, i.e. death and immortality, in her poems (as well as her personal letters) and the poems discussed in this essay focus on such themes as death and immortality, love, beauty, sickness and inspiration. ... However, a careful reader can find a connotation to the poet’s failure in achieving the real meaning of beauty which is hinted by the words ‘died’ and ‘scarce’ in the opening line. It is important to recognize that the major concern of the poet in this poem is to bring out the link between beauty and truth which she achieves through the effective use of diction – for example, words like ‘adjoining room’, ‘kinsmen’, ‘brethren’, etc reveal this link. To analyze the use of versification in the poem, it is clear that the poet uses rhyming words such as â€Å"tomb – room†, â€Å"replied – said†, â€Å"rooms – names†, etc to illustrate the musical qualities of her poems. Similarly, one can find the use of figures of speech such as metaphor, personification, metonymy, etc. The use of metaphor in â€Å"We brethren are† compares the two unlike things – i.e. be auty and truth, whereas these concepts are personified in the poem when they are given human qualities. The poet is effective in the use of metonymy when she refers to ‘our lips’ and ‘our names’. In short, â€Å"I Died for Beauty, But Was Scarce† is a typical poem by Emily Dickinson in which a reader can find elements of her poetry such as common themes, lyric qualities, unconventional capitalization and punctuation, striking use of figures of speech, and connotative language. Another poem dealing with the theme of death is â€Å"Because I could not stop for Death† in which Dickinson personifies death as a gentleman caller or suitor, and the poem incorporates all the major characteristics of Dickinson-poetry. In this poem, the poet celebrates the theme of death and establishes how dearly she

Jake in Transition Essay Example for Free

Jake in Transition Essay The following essay is in response to the Jake in Transition exhibit which displayed the many psychological and physical stages Jake went through to change his gender from a woman to a man. The artist of the exhibition demonstrated different stages of Jake’s transition from female to male. As the artists discussed in his interview, he felt â€Å"awkward† at first when photographing Jake. This awkwardness is to be expected, society has socialized us to feel certain ways about gender, creating stereotypical feelings. Since the time an individual is born, they are taught by society what is expected of them as either a male or female. However, in some cases such as Jake’s, some individuals are born one gender and feel as though their gender is a wrong fit. In Jakes case, he was born a female but was so uncomfortable in his own body that he felt he had to physically change it to a male body in order to be comfortable. I believe Jake felt the need to conform to society’s gender ‘norms†; his body was female but he felt he did not demonstrate typical female attributes as depicted by society. Jake went to extreme measures to conform. Jake discussed how he felt being a woman, his fear of being considered a â€Å"freak† because he was trapped inside a woman’s body with the mentality and tendencies of a man are a result of society’s ideology of gender roles. Jake went against this ideology when deciding to take surgical measures to become a man. Jake demonstrates his â€Å"natural† male instincts after his surgical procedure when he marries the woman he loves. Other activities he enjoys, such as, horse riding and playing the guitar are not typically attributed to either gender; as both men and women enjoy partaking in such activities but Jake however feels these are masculine activities. The exhibit displayed Jakes surgery photos, which caused me antagonistic feelings at first. I had not expected to be effected by this, breast surgeries are broadcasted on the television daily. Jake however, was removing her female identity, I am still unsure if this is a personal feeling or one that I have been trained by society to believe is wrong. I am leaning towards the latter, since I can not identify with Jake’s unhappiness with his born gender. I can not say I agree with changing ones gender through surgery. I do however understand Jake’s need to share his experience, in hopes to find acceptance in a society with such rigid gender norms. I question the underlying factor that caused Jake to go through such extremes as to remove all traces of femininity. I feel there must have been a deep resentment of his female body for him to go against nature and wipe out his female gender. If it were just a matter of sexuality, that Jake was attracted to females, I doubt it would have led to him getting surgery. I was deeply disturbed by the story of â€Å"x†. It disgusted me that anyone could have given birth to a baby for the sole purpose of using it for an experiment; and inevitably ruining its future. Baby X was raised without an identity. Gender roles, while drastically influenced by society, gives an individual a purpose. Jake was confused by his feelings which he did not associate with being female and thus changed his physical image to match his feelings of masculinity. X however, had no basis in which to judge its feelings. X was not socialized in a way that would help him understand his identity. Although we are not told what happens to X past elementary school, I foresee him having extreme emotional problems; more specifically, a lack of identity. Jake felt he did not fit in with females but X has no reference in which to judge if he fits in or not. Society influences how we see â€Å"normal† gender roles. Many, if not all, cultures have an essentialist view of what roles are contributed to males and females. While some individuals may feel that they do not conform to this ideology; Jake took drastic measures in which to conform. I think this says a lot for the extreme influence society has on gender roles. Jake wanted his body to look as masculine as he felt; so he would not feel like a contradiction to societies norms.

Review of the ball and brown study

Review of the ball and brown study With the rise of multinational companies and the rapid growth of transnational investments, there has been an increasing demand for an empirical evaluation of accounting income numbers. This is a broad area of research that originated with the seminal publication of the Ball and Brown study(1968).The literature has grown rapidly, with over 1,000 published papers in leading academic accounting and finance journals in the past three decades (Kothari,2001).However, several accounting experts assert that there are some weaknesses in the research of Ball and Brown. Meanwhile, critics argue that their empirical evaluation contributed to the positive accounting theory that revolutionized accounting literature in the late 1970s. The purpose of this essay is to introduce the strengths of Ball and Browns paper and identify its influence on the development of accounting. This essay will argue that the limitation of the paper is not serious, but its advantages are very significant. First, argume nts for and against the empirical research are discussed. Then, an evaluation is explored .Lastly, a conclusion is presented. 2. The weaknesses of the paper Providing empirical evidence to ascertain whether accounting numbers contain or convey information about a firms financial performance was the major motivation that led to the research of Ball and Brown (1968). They pioneered capital markets research in accounting. However, their study still has some weaknesses. 2.1 Unreliability As a potential limitation of their studies, the reliability of their results depends on the sources of information. Although we are not disputing the reliability of the said sources, they should be investigated. Research should be conducted to document various types of institutions. According to Zhang (2007), the selection of the sample did not include companies meet the following four conditions. The first one is the failed company. The second one is a company whose financial year does not end on the 31st of December. The third one is the company that is not recorded in the CRSP database of stock price research centers. It also includes the young firm that is not described by the Wall Street Journal. Given those situations, the generality and reliability of their results may be reduced. 2.2 Limitations This research firmly establishes that earnings reflect some of the information in security prices. However, this early research did not perform statistical tests comparing alternative performance measures, considering that the primary concern was to ascertain whether there is any overlap between the earnings information and the information reflected in security prices. In the 1980s, several studies statistically compared stock returns with earnings, accruals, and cash flows (Rayburn, 1986). Aside from providing a formal test, the previous research used a relatively crude measure of cash flow. The succeeding studies used more sophisticated expectation models to isolate accurately the unexpected components of earnings, accruals, and cash flows, given that returns in an efficient market only reflect the unanticipated components (Livnat et al., 1990).ListenRead phonetically 3. The strengths of the paper Although the weakness of this paper is obvious, the design of variables and the results of the test have made outstanding contributions to research of accounting income. 3.1 Ingenious design of variables After identifying the research themes, Ball and Brown selected the most representative accounting income numbers to measure the information content. Considering that shareholders are more concerned about EPS and net income, Ball and Brown used them as variables. To determine the information content of the accounting income, they used market efficiency hypothesis and the capital asset pricing model as references. According to the efficient market hypothesis, the authors maintained that observable stock price is fluctuant and linked with information. This can mean that accounting income numbers are useful. The key to determining the relationship between accounting income and stock price is to distinguish the security prices of a particular company as well as all the other companies. Therefore, the authors built two models of market expected return to examine how the market reacts to accounting income numbers. Ball and Brown separated factors that affect earning into two different kinds: specific factors and system factors. System factors affect all companies, thus, the surplus of one company and other companies can be linked with each other. If the link is suitable, then stability can be shown using a fixed function, enabling us to achieve the income conditional expectation of one company based on other companies data. Thus, changes in the unexpected surplus of earning can be estimated by calculating by the changes in both actual income and conditional expectation. The authors defined the difference as the gain of current information. At the same time, they assumed that the changes in policy and corporate have been enacted before the first estimation. Thus, the influence of macroeconomic and policy changes can be estimated jointly. The authors initially used the Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) to estimate the linear regression coefficient and intercept of samples annual income changes and average income changes. Secondly, the changes in the market income average were used as independent variables and included in the regression model to calculate the expected value of income changes. Finally, the changes in the value of unexpected earnings (prediction residual) referred to the actual value of the earnings change minus the change in earnings expectations. Therefore, market effect was removed from the estimation of expected surplus, which means the authors did not take system factors into account. Similarly, the factors affecting the impact of no stock or stock returns can still be separated into two factors: system factors and specific factors. First, the authors used capital asset pricing model to separate the system factors and from non-system factors, then calculated the deviation of actual rate return and expected stock return. Secondly, Ball and Brown calculated the companys stock return residuals (abnormal returns). Given that markets are efficient, stock prices will adjust quickly and effectively about the new information, so residuals can show the impact on stock prices of new information. To test the validity of statistics, Ball and Brown used an alternative model- naive model. In this model, an alternative variable is the expected surplus for last years actual surplus. The naive model does not eliminate the market effects, but verifies the earnings per share targets. 3.2 Remarkable results This paper distinguished expected changes and unexpected changes in accounting incomes to estimate the abnormal return and changes in unexpected accounting incomes. In addition, it theorized that when the surplus prediction error is negative, it is both advantageous and disadvantageous. This paper presented the hypothesis that if the accounting income numbers could be linked with stock prices, then the announcement of accounting income numbers could result in changes in the stock returns. In the empirical test, the authors defined the month of annual report as 0, API representing the abnormal performance index of month M. In the process of calculating the API, the changes in unexpected earning are first separated into two groups (positive and negative), and then all samples are calculated together. Ball and Brown thought that if accounting income is related to stock returns, it can be assumed that if the changes in unexpected surplus are positive, then API is larger than 1 ; if they are negative, then the API is less than 1. In the combined sample, API is close to 1. Ball and Brown thought that annual income report can provide new information; however, it cannot be transmitted in time, because most of its content comes from various sources (interim report and non-accounting information, annual accounting report is only one of them) .The authors also found that after the announcement of the annual report, API has a tendency to drift on, that is, revenue projections residual error signal and the relationship between stock returns in the annual report may be continued for two months. After analysis, which may be caused by the transaction costs, and excluding the impact of transaction costs, the market reaction to the numbers tends to be unbiased. 4. Evaluation At first glance, one weakness of this empirical research is the limitation of the sample which may decrease the generality and reliability of the results. However, the selection of the sample was similar to the tests used in related literature, which could lead to consistent results if used the same way on other samples. The weaknesses of the paper also include the limitation of the statistical tests. Nonetheless, it had a significant impact on later research. Ball and Brown (1968) provide compelling evidence that there is information content in accounting earnings announcements. In the meantime, they correlate the sign of the abnormal stock return in the month of an earnings announcement with the sign of the earnings change of a certain firms earnings in a previous year earnings. Starting with Ball and Brown (1968), many studies used such association with stock returns to compare alternative accounting performance measures, such as historical cost earnings, current cost earnings, residual earnings, operating cash flows, and so on. Circumstances similar to those that facilitated the Ball and Brown (1968) study also contributed to Watts and Zimmermans positive accounting theory that revolutionized the accounting literature in the late 1970s (Watts and Zimmerman, 1979). As Watts and Zimmerman (1986) po int out, most accounting research since Ball and Brown (1968) has been positive, and the role of accounting theory is no longer normative. Ball and Brown (1968) heralded the positive-economics-based empirical capital markets research in the late 1960s.Concurrent developments in economics and finance constituted the theoretical and methodological impetus to the early capital markets research in accounting. This historical detour exploring the forces that shaped the early capital markets research has positive pedagogical externalities, particularly for guiding new researchers. Seasoned researchers can skip over portions of this section without losing continuity. In addition, this paper analyzes the insufficiency of theoretical studies using empirical testing to find out whether the accounting income numbers are useful. It initially provides reliable evidence that stock markets can influence annual reports. Then researchers began to do a lot in reflect of stock market. Furthermore, the method used is also applicable to a large number of accounting and financial issues, including dividend announcements, earnings announcements, mergers and acquisitions, and investment spending. 5. Conclusion This essay has discussed the weaknesses and strengths of the empirical evaluation of accounting income numbers by Ball and Brown (1968). Although this research has some limitations, the merits far outweigh the disadvantages. It preceded the positive-economics-based empirical capital markets research of the late 1960s. Concurrent developments in economics and finance constituted the theoretical and methodological impetus to the early capital markets research in accounting. Therefore, it is suggested that this research plays a great role in the development of accounting .In this essay, only a few strengths are mentioned; the ways of putting these benefits into practice need further exploration.

The Three David Statues Art Essay

The Three David Statues Art Essay The paper explores the three Davids statues which are situated in different locations in Italy. The three statues of David are artworks of four different artists who are Bernini, Michelangelo, and Donatello. The paper also has the brief history of each of the four artists. In addition, the paper also compares and contrasts different artworks from different artists with accordance to how artwork meant to each artist, the tools that were used, and how artwork was accomplished. Introduction The three statues of David were modeled as representations of a biblical hero the king David of Israel who in his young age killed a hero warrior goliath armed with only a stone and a swirl. The three statues are different from each other in that they were of different periods and used different materials to develop the statue. However, the statues are also different from each other in dressing codes and body posture. All the three statues were developed in Italy and thats where they are found and serve as tourist attraction sites. Brief History of the Artist, Donatello Donatello is also known as Donato di Niccolo di Betto Bardi. He was born in 1386 in Florence, Italy. He is famous for his sculptural works in Italy and especially the Davids scripture in Florence, Italy. He is also said to have made brass pulpits for Old Sacristy of San Lorenzo which is believed to have been built by Brunelleschi. Also, he is referred to be one of the earliest artists of renaissance period who worked through the perspective of ideology. He used sculptural method to bring dramatic images and shapes to life. However, he died aged one hundred years in 1489. He is well remembered for his artwork which is seen and studied (Post,p.65). Brief History of the Artist, Michelangelo Michelangelo was born on 6th march, 1475 in Caprese village in Italy. He is one of the famous artists of renaissance period, which is believed to be a period of the evolvement of artwork in Italy. However, when he attained the age of twelve, he became an apprentice painter to a professional painter of Florentine, Domenico Ghirlandaio who orientated him to painting. Later on he began to study sculptural work in which he well flourished. He is famous for his work in the modeling of a marble statue which represents Virgin Mary grieving over dead Jesus body. He also worked on the Davids statue between 1501and 1504 which stands at the height of 4.34m/14 ft 3. The statue is placed outside Palazzo Vecchio. It is currently viewed as a symbol of new republic which replaced Medici rule. However, Michelangelo died at the age of eighty nine in 1564. He left behind significant statues which serve as his memoirs (Wittkower,p.32). Brief History of the Italian Artist, Bernini He was born in 1598 in Rome, Italy. He was a dominant figure of renaissance period in which he had specialized in sculptural and architectural work. However, his father orientated him in the sculptural work from which he gained experience and got a work in Rome. He is famous for his work in the statues of David, Apollo, and Daphne. More also, he is believe to have designed the monument of the ornate baldachin and marble decorations found in St. Peters square. He died in 1680 at the age of eighty two. Statue of David by Michelangelo Interestingly, statue of David which wads modeled by Michelangelo is the most famous statue in the whole world and perhaps an important tourist attraction site in Italy. Michelangelo was commissioned to start the work on the statue in the year 1501 by Arte della Lana whose responsibility was to decorate the cathedral in Florence. A marble block was presented top him as a construction material which had earlier been prepared by Agostino di Duccio for the same purpose (Frederick,p.8). However, Michelangelo did not apply the traditional method of presenting David as a hero. Rather he presented him as a youthful individual tensed with the sense of getting magical power in order to proceed for the battle. His representation is based on the moment when David heard that Israelites were afraid of Goliath that they hesitated mocking him. His statue is taken to be the most perfect heroic representation of David as compared with the other two statues of David by Bernini and Donatello. In addition, the statues right-hand side is smooth and well composed while the left-hand side is openly seen to be active and dynamic. He developed muscles and tendons only at the points where they can be interpreted to be perfect representation of strong will but not where they represent individuals form of self-governing. However, the artist used construction tools such as point, tooth, flat and craw chisels, and also scrapers and rasps for finishing. On the completion of the statue, committee of high ranked citizens and artists agreed that it was good for the statue to be placed in front of Palazzo Vecchio, which is the town hall of Florence (Frederick,p.8). Statue of David by Donatello Donatello used his skills to prove himself a prominent artist of Renaissance period. He is believed to be one of the greatest artists of Florentine in the period who invented shallow relief technique in artwork. This technique helped in making his sculptures to be seen as deeply developed though at times developed at a shallow plane. He was influenced by ancient scriptures made by Greeks and theories of humanist. This made him to develop statues which were mainly the representations of human body as functioning organism in which personality radiates a confident individual (Balcarres,p.43). His sculpture of David is the most famous representation of the artwork of fifteenth century. He represented David as a boastful hero as compared to Michelangelo who represented him as a humble hero. However, he did not represent him admiring the head of his victim, Goliath rather he is admiring his graceful, powerful body as a result of him winning the battle. This is one amongst many sculptures of the Renaissance art whereby admiration of self-worth was mainly the theme. He was first commissioned to start the work in 1408 by Operai of the cathedral of Florence. The main aim of the Operai was to decorate buttress of the cathedrals tribune with statues of the twelve prophets. He used bronze marble as the construction material and tools such as flat, tooth, pointed chisels were used. However, the finished statue depicted David with a smile posed with his left foot on the goliaths head. More also, the youthful David is completely naked apart from laurel hat and boots. The finished was the first unsupported standing statue in the period. Additionally, the statue was faced by controversial moral debates which barred it from being put in the town hall of Florence (Radke,p.32). Statue of David by Bernini Bernini represented David as a life-size marble in his scripture. He was commissioned to decorate villa of his patron cardinal Scipione Borghese in 1623 and completed his work within seven months. However, his work was the subject of David throwing a stone to the giant, Goliath. The finished statue represented Bernini as a genius artist since he did not let his statue match with others which preceded his which represented David standing, self contained, and insulated (Avery,p.43). His objective was tom come up with a dramatic and real biblical figure which he did. The viewer of the statue feels to be a part of Davids move. He made a space in front of the statue which is seen to be part of the Davids part. In addition, the immense tension of Davids twisted body conveys the strength which he used to release the stone. He used marble as the construction material and chisels as main tools. Bernini spent the shortest to develop the statue which proves him to have been an energetic youth since he did the work while at the age of twenty four (Gardner,p.65). Comparison and Contrast of Three Sculptures All the three scriptures were modeled in different periods by different artists who used techniques and styles different from each other. However, the three scriptures are similar in one way or the other. First, the threes statues were based on biblical scripture on the moment when David was in a battle against the giant Goliath thus the objective of each artist was to represent David as a youthful hero considering that he was young at the moment. In addition each artist used marble and chisel as the construction material and tools as well (John,p.32). However, each artist developed a statue which was different from each other as well. The first statue developed by Donatello represented David as a boastful hero who admired the physical power he had. Also, the statue was naked which brought moral controversy which made it not to be put in front of town hall. The second statue by Michelangelo was perfect and represented David as a humble hero and was placed in front of the town hall where it serves as one of the major tourist attraction sites in Italy. The last statue by Bernini represented David as an energetic youth twisting his body hard to gain the required force of releasing the stone against the giant, Goliath (Hibbard,p.32).

Women Essay -- Persuasive, Violence Against Women

This investigation is roasted in the hypothesis that although the world has changed and modernized, and laws for the protection of minorities have increased, even the penalties for the violation of human rights are more severe; but the female figure are still victims of abuse, discrimination, and violence around the world. To test this hypothesis we will consider three Journals. The first Journals subject is â€Å"HONOUR": CRIMES, PARADIGMS, AND VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN. By Simone Cusack, & Rebecca J Cook. (2007). This talks about violence against women in the Muslim world. The second journal subject is CURBING FEMALE GENITAL MUTILATION. By Gender & Behavior (Dec 2010). Discussing the concept and practice of mutilation on women. And the last subject is THE GUATEMALAN FEMICIDE: AN EPIDEMIC OF IMPUNITY. By Velasco, Natalie. (2008). And talk about women that have been raped, mutilated, and brutally murdered in Guatemala. To start we were talking about the first journal, â€Å"HONOUR": CRIMES, PARADIGMS, AND VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN by Simone Cusack, & Rebecca J Cook (2007). And this one talks about a project that was done in the center of Islamic(CIMEL), and Middle Eastern law and center of human rights protection (INTERIGHTS); and thus to investigate the crimes of "Honor" and violence against women. Crimes of â€Å"Honor† which basically describes how Muslim women are punished for their families or community members because they considered to be dishonored by the victim. The authors of this manuscript also want to investigate how the legal system are linked with the crimes of "Honorâ€Å", and how to combat this probl... ...According to statistics 13% of the women who reported abuse in their homes unfortunately they were killed days after. The journal makes several recommendations to the Governor of Guatemala, such as giving a public condemnation of the murderer and hijackers, procedures of research showing violence, create a database that shows people who have Disappeared, the laws has to be more stringent about the rules against violence of women, Finally, have to be placed rules do not allow women violence. In conclusion I must say that unfortunately the hypothesis was proven with the help of different Journals, and unfortunately governments, regional and society must change the hard rules that dominate women and not allowed them to grow in the society; on the contrary these laws limiting their personal and moral development.

William Wordsworths The World is Too Much With Us :: World Is Too Much With Us

The World is Too Much With Us Poem  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   William Wordsworth’s poem is a statement about conflict between nature and humanity. The symbolism in his poem gives the reader a sense of the conviction and deep feelings Wordsworth had. Wordsworth longs for a much simpler time when the progress of humanity was tempered by the restrictions nature imposed. Wordsworth gives a fatalistic view of the world, past and future. The words â€Å"late and soon† in the opening verse describe how the past and future are included in his characterization of mankind. The author knows the potential for humanity, but the mentality of â€Å"getting and spending† clouds the perspective of humanity. Wordsworth does not see us as incapable, in fact he describes our abilities as â€Å"powers†. â€Å"We lay waste our powers† is blamed on the earlier mentioned attitude of â€Å"getting and spending†. The appetite mankind has for devouring all that is around clouds our perspective as to what is being sacrificed for the progress. The â€Å"sordid boon† we have â€Å"given are hearts† is the materialistic progress of mankind. Humanity has become self-absorbed and can no longer think clearly. The destructiveness society has on the environment will proceed unchecked and relentless like the â€Å"winds that will be howling at all hours†. Unlike society, Wordsworth does not see nature as a commodity. The verse â€Å"Little we see in Nature that is ours†, shows that coexisting is the relationship envisioned. This relationship appears to be at the mercy of mankind because of the vulnerable way nature is described. The verse â€Å"This Sea that bares her bosom to the moon†, gives the vision of a woman exposed to the heavens. The phrase â€Å"sleeping flowers† might also describe how nature is being overrun unknowingly and is helpless. Wordsworth seems to be the only enlightened one who is able to foresee the inevitable. He sees himself as one with the environment. The verse â€Å"I, standing on this pleasant lea, have glimpses that would make me less forlorn†, show Wordsworth as a visionary who is not responsible for the destruction of nature. This destruction is not seen stopping as a result of any act by mankind. The change Wordsworth is hoping for will come in the form of a mighty revolt by nature. Wordsworth reaches back into ancient Greece for their gods who symbolize nature and strength to make the change. Proteus is seen rising from the sea, facing the injustices inflicted upon nature, placing the cycle of life back in balance.

Food and Agriculture in Panama Essays -- Panama Farming Agricultural E

Food and Agriculture in Panama Agriculture is big business in Panama. Not only does it account for much of the country's exports (over 50%), but subsistence farming still employs many Panamanians who only grow enough food to feed their families (nationalencyclopedia.com). The main crop in Panama is bananas by a large margin, and is also one of the countries largest exports. Besides bananas, the other main exports are sugar and coffee beans, while the largest domestic crops are corn, rice, cocoanuts, tobacco and the exotic root vegetable yucca (Bennett 78). In spite of the fact that agriculture employs a large portion of the population and uses approximately half of the land, agriculture in Panama is in trouble. Panama’s tropical maritime climate poses some restrictions to the growth of crops, but the troubling issue at hand is the erosion of soils. As Panama’s population grows rapidly and the rainforest is cleared, overuse of soils and improper agricultural methods are threatening t he growth of crops and draining Panamanian soils. As much of Panama’s political history and current economy is tied to agriculture, this is an issue that will raise many questions for the future of Panama. Bananas have a long history in Panama. Bananas are grown best in humid lowland regions, and in Panama, this means on the Atlantic side of the country (Bennett 70). Production does, however, extend to the Pacific side of Panama with successful irrigation methods (Bennett 71). United Fruit, an American company, moved into Panama in 1899, and owned as much as 70% of the Panamanian banana industry up until the 1970’s (country-studies.com). As bananas can count for as much as 33% of Panama’s total exports, very li... ...e and thus crop yields are declining (Croat 465). To avoid an agricultural crisis, sustainable agricultural practices must be developed and implemented in Panama. Works Cited Bennet, H. (1926). Agriculture in Central America. Annals of the Association of American Geographers, Vol. 16, No.2. pp. 63-84. http://www.country-studies.com/. Agriculture. Retrieved 11/27/07 from www.country-studies.com/panama/agriculture.html. Croat, T. (1972). The Role of Overpopulation and Agricultural Methods in the Destruction of Tropical Ecosystems. Bioscience, Vol.22, No. 8. pp. 465-467. http://www.frommers.com/. Food and Drink. Retrieved 11/27/07 from www.frommers.com/destination/panama/3285020880.html. www.nationsencyclopedia.com . Panama Agriculture. Retrieved 11/27/07 from www.nationsencyclopedia.com/economies/Americas/Panama-AGRICULTURE.html.

Why Project Fail

Why Projects Fail Computer projects fail when they do not meet the following criteria for success: It is delivered on time. It is on or under budget. The system works as required. Only a few projects achieve all three. Many more are delivered which fail on one or more of these criteria, and a substantial number are cancelled having failed badly. So what are the key factors for success? Organisations and individuals have studied a number of projects that have both succeeded and failed and some common factors emerge.A key finding is that there is no one overriding factor that causes project failure. A number of factors are involved in any particular project failure, some of which interact with each other. Here are six of the most important reasons for failure. 1 . Lack of User Involvement Lack of user involvement has proved fatal for many projects. Without user involvement nobody in the business feels committed to a system, and can even be hostile to it. If a project is to be a success senior management and users need to be involved from the start, and continuously throughout the development.This requires ime and effort, and when the people in a business are already stretched, finding time for a new project is not high on their priorities. Therefore senior management need to continuously support the project to make it clear to staff it is a priority. 2. Long or Unrealistic Time Scales Long timescales for a project have led to systems being delivered for products and services no longer in use by an organisation. The key recommendation is that project timescales should be short, which means that larger systems should be split into separate projects.There are always problems with this approach, but the benefits of oing so are considerable. Many managers are well aware of the need for fast delivery, leading to the other problem of unrealistic timescales. These are set without considering the volume of work that needs to be done to ensure delivery. As a result these s ystems are either delivered late or only have a fraction of the facilities that were asked for. The recommendation here is to review all project plans to see if they are realistic, and to challenge the participants to express any reservations they may have with it. . Poor or No Requirements Many projects have high level, vague, and generally unhelpful requirements. This has ed to cases where the developers, having no input from the users, build what they believe is needed, without having any real knowledge of the business. Inevitably when the system is delivered business users say it does not do what they need it to. This is closely linked to lack of user involvement, but goes beyond it. Users must know what it is they want, and be able to specify it precisely.As non-lT specialists this means normally they need skills training. 4. Scope Creep Scope is the overall view of what a system will deliver. Scope creep is the insidious growth in the scale of a system during the life of a pro ject. As an example for a customer bills, then these bills will be provided on the Internet, and so on and so forth. All the functionality will have to be delivered at one time, therefore affecting time scales, and all will have to have detailed requirements. This is a management issue closely related to change control.Management must be realistic about what is it they want and when, and stick to it. 5. No Change Control System Despite everything businesses change, and change is happening at a faster rate then ever before. So it is not realistic to expect no change in requirements while a system s being built. However uncontrolled changes play havoc with a system under development and have caused many project failures. This emphasises the advantages of shorter timescales and a phased approach to building systems, so that change has less chance to affect development.Nonetheless change must be managed like any other factor of business. The business must evaluate the effects of any cha nged requirements on the timescale, cost and risk of project. Change Management and its sister discipline of Confguration Management are skills that can be taught. 6. Poor Testing The developers will do a great deal of testing during development, but eventually the users must run acceptance tests to see if the system meets the business requirements.However acceptance testing often fails to catch many faults before a system goes live because: Poor requirements which cannot be tested Poorly, or non planned tests meaning that the system is not methodically checked Inadequately trained users who do not know what the purpose of testing is Inadequate time to perform tests as the project is late Users, in order to build their confidence with a system, and to utilise their experience f the business, should do the acceptance testing.To do so they need good testable requirements, well designed and planned tests, be adequately trained, and have sufficient time to achieve the testing objectives . Conclusion These six factors are not the only ones that affect the success or failure of a project, but in many studies and reports they appear near, or at the top of the list. They are all interlinked, but as can be seen they are not technical issues, but management and training ones. This supports the idea that IT projects should be treated as business projects.

Hca Teamwork Assignment Essay

Jennifer Planz As a delegated leader I am asked to solve an issue that is currently affecting the billing department of the facility I work in. The billing department need codes and important that they are not receiving. The doctor needs to be reimbursed for medical care on a patient. The facility I work in needs me to get this done in order to speed up production. This leaves me in charge of picking a team and promoting effective teamwork in order to resolve the current conflict. I will choose the members of my eam by finding individuals who are all trying to achieve the same objective. In this case, it would be the billing specialist, the doctor, myself and a communication specialist to make it go more smoothly. All of us are involved in this conflict on one way or another and need to participate together in order for all parties to be satisfied. I will promote effective teamwork by having the communication specialist involved. Teamwork can also be promoted by establishing ground rules for all team players. Making sure all players knew the nature, importance and cause of the conflict problem. Making sure everyone was aware that conflict is a natural part of life is a way to promote effective teamwork. Also offering social support, workshops, and providing leadership training. Offering social support can help soothe feelings and encourage more social support. It also reduces the risks and causes of caregivers being stressed, burned-out, and feelings of isolation. Offering workshops to employees for building their skills and help them to assume new roles in organization and managing conflict that is involved in with change and teamwork. Leadership training can vary on a range of topics. The ones I like that I would use are managing conflict, handling complaints, hospitality, and writing effective memo and releases. I feel this would be good starting training sessions for soon to be leaders or those already in leadership positions. Communication skills are important because they affect the performance of every employee and not Just leaders. The basic communication skills are both essential and necessary to effectively care for someone. Training and sessions are a great way to enhance or upgrade those skills in order to perfect these skills and become a better professional.

Pangloss and Martin: Fate and Reality

As far as my simple self could deduce from Voltaire's Candide, Pangloss and Martin are as different as they are wise when it comes to the brightness or, in Martin's case, the darkness with which they view the world. Pangloss is evidently a man of knowing and has put much thought Into his philosophy that â€Å"everything Is for the best In the physical as well as the moral universe and nothing could be otherwise†¦ Quite the optimist, he went about life accepting things the way they were, putting up little fight nd attributing everything to the will of God or whatever higher power runs this universe (fate). I'd Ilke to think that Pangloss even looked forward to living life, gathering experiences even If they werent exactly Ideal. Martin on the other hand, finds life very depressing what with having no one to love and nothing to look forward to; he sees no goodness in his fellow man and no happiness in any situation and often expresses exasperation with life.The Interesting thing about him however Is that he carries still this energy, an angry passion if you will. o live as well as he can (i. e. Martin decides to hang around with Candide because he has nothing to his name while Candide is flowing with riches and people treat the rich much better than those who have none); he's actually a dark version of a realist, I think. Personally, find Martin to be a much better companion to be with for rather than Just placidly allow things to run way they do, he decides to take action and make things better in spite of his supposedly being fed up with the way the universe is.

Pride And Prejudice:Why is the news of the elopement of Lydia and Wickham in Chapter 46 Essay

Why is the news of the elopement of Lydia and Wickham in Chapter 46 such an important moment and how does it affect what follows in the novel? A very key moment in the novel is when Elizabeth is informed of the elopement of Lydia and Wickham by two letters from Jane (while she is visiting Pemberley in Chapter 46). The two letters instead of one create more suspense and anticipation. This chapter is very important because that single event changes everything and has far reaching effects on relationships (such as Elizabeth and Darcy, Lydia and Wickham, Jane and Bingley, the Bennet family and its distant relations), attitudes, and the development of characters in the story. It changes the perspective of many characters and the truth behind appearances begins to emerge. Everything in the novel builds up to this decisive moment of crisis where things could go either way; good or bad. The build up to this chapter is very crucial as Elizabeth and Darcy slowly come closer and are on the most civil terms before the news of the elopement breaks, which makes the situation sadly ironic. Elizabeth goes from rejecting him to having her prejudices lifted when he gives the letter, correcting her misconceptions and finally to respecting him and having a deep gratitude towards him: ‘She respected, she esteemed, she was grateful to him.’ Darcy even invites her to meet his sister and she begins to start thinking of ‘bringing on the renewal of his address.’ This is why it’s so ironic when the news arrives of Lydia’s scandalous elopement because just when Elizabeth’s feelings reach a new high point for Darcy, she is hit with the realisation that he may never want to be associated with her again: ‘Never had she so honestly felt that she could have loved him, when all love must be in vain.’ However, Darcy does show great concern for Elizabeth when he arrives unexpectedly during her breakdown; an ironic and dramatic moment as he’s almost like her saviour coming to rescue her. His concern for her is an important factor showing the closeness of the two characters, and so the reader may be contemplating whether to agree with Elizabeth or not, on her opinion that ‘her power was sinking’. When Elizabeth gives him an account of the situation and how ‘nothing can be done’, according to her interpretations, he ‘shook his head in silent acquiescence’ and is seen to be ‘walking up and down the room in earnest meditation, his brow contracted, his air gloomy.’ Elizabeth thinks that this was evidence enough that his feelings are changing. But in fact, she misunderstands his actions which is ironic as she thinks she ‘instantly understood it’. In fact, Darcy proves her wrong and does help the situation, showing the strength of Darcy’s love for Elizabeth which is the main reason that the elopement accelerates their love affair, instead of completely destroying it. It is ironic how Elizabeth regrets making Mr Darcy ‘acquainted with their fears for her sister’ in earlier chapters, but if he hadn’t known, the situation would have deteriorated. Elizabeth had clearly underestimated him as instead of looking at Elizabeth’s status with scorn, he helps the Bennet’s escape from disgrace. Elizabeth learns about this through Mrs Gardiner’s letter: ‘â€Å"He left Derbyshire only one day after ourselves, and came to town with the resolution of hunting for them.†Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ Such a quick reaction meant that he had probably decided his intentions during his and Elizabeth’s unexpected encounter. The elopement acts as a catalyst instead of hindrance as it develops trust, understanding and gratitude between the couple. Elizabeth, of course is grateful for his ‘unexampled kindness’ to her sister but Darcy also has his reasons to thank Elizabeth. Darcy’s character is altered by the elopement, and his need to redeem himself before Elizabeth is a major part of how the effects of the elopement managed to take a positive turn for some people. Darcy undergoes a huge change in his behaviour after Elizabeth rejects his proposal as he says: ‘â€Å"You showed me how insufficient were all my pretensions to please a woman worthy of being pleased.†Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ He views the rejection as a ‘lesson, hard indeed at first, but most advantageous’. His behaviour improves in Pemberley as he’s shown as ‘polite and unassuming’ opposed to the previous comments of his ‘disagreeable countenance’ in Meryton. But it is nothing compared to the test that the elopement put his character through. He must have suffered to lower himself and negotiate with people who nearly destroyed his sister’s life; Mrs Younge and Wickham. ‘Every kind of pride must revolt from the connection’, but he does it to prove himself to Elizabeth: ‘â€Å"The wish of giving happiness to you, might add force to the other inducements that lead me on.†Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ He also feels responsible for the fact that because of his ‘mistaken pride’, Elizabeth’s sister was going through something that his sister had been saved of; which is why he felt it ‘his duty to step forward and endeavour to remedy an evil which had been brought upon by himself.’ It shows how he is trying to make up for his past mistakes which brings light to his good nature. However, for characters like Wickham and Lydia, the elopement does quite the opposite as their real images are finally revealed to the public. For Lydia, although her disgraceful behaviour really accentuates her flaws and the full extent of her shameless nature is shown, the elopement doesn’t tell us anything new about her character. Even previously, as Elizabeth notes, ‘Lydia had wanted only encouragement to attach herself to anybody†¦her affections had been continually fluctuating, but never without an object.’ Not many people had high expectations for her as Mr Bennet says, when Elizabeth is pleading to forbid Lydia to go to Brighton: ‘Lydia will never be easy till she has exposed herself in some public place or another’. It’s ironic as Mr Bennet’s predictions actually take place in Brighton. With Wickham, it’s a completely different matter as he always had a very ‘gentlemanlike appearance’ and an ‘agreeable manner’ but after the news of the elopement everyone realises, as Colonel Forster says, ‘W. was not a man to be trusted’. A few people, like Elizabeth, Jane and Darcy were already aware of Wickham’s true personality but most were not. Later on, when the town finds out about his debts to ‘every tradesman in the place’, they declare him to be ‘the wickedest young man in the world.’ The elopement itself is a shocking development as there was ‘â€Å"no symptom of affection on either side†Ã¢â‚¬â„¢, as Elizabeth mentions, before Lydia goes to Brighton. From this, we can make an assumption that neither of the couple has strong feelings for one another as it seems a very rushed decision made in the heat of the moment rather than a well thought out marriage plan. In fact, in Jane’s letter, Denny says that Wickham ‘never intended to go there, or to marry Lydia at all’ (‘there’ in this context meaning Gretna Green: a place where young couples got married). Lydia did believe she was going to get married, as Elizabeth thinks: ‘She did not suppose Lydia to be deliberately engaging in an elopement, without the intention of marriage’. But there was enough evidence to suggest that her little understanding would be her downfall: ‘neither her virtue nor her understanding would preserve her from falling an easy prey’. She definitely didn’t understand the repercussions of this scandalous affair and doesn’t seem to full grasp the meaning of a woman’s honour; something that was very important in the 19th century. As Mary says in her reflections: ‘â€Å"Loss of virtue in a female is irretrievable- that one false step involves her in endless ruin†Ã¢â‚¬â„¢. Thankfully, the couple end up getting married due to a payment of â€Å"considerably more than a thousand pounds† by Darcy but their characters seem the least affected by the whole incident. ‘â€Å"Lydia was Lydia still; untamed, unabashed, wild, noisy and fearless.†Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ Lydia undergoes no change and thinks that ‘â€Å"my sisters must all envy me†Ã¢â‚¬â„¢. She has absolutely no shame for her behaviour and instead, she continuously flaunts her married status around at every opportunity available: ‘â€Å"Ah! Jane, I take your place now, and you must go lower, because I am a married woman.†Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ But, she doesn’t take the responsibilities that come with her married status very seriously. Although she seems to have an immense liking for Wickham, â€Å"he was her dear†, she still seems to be engaged with other men, ‘â€Å"Tell him I will dance with him at the next ball we meet, with great pleasure.†Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ Wickham is unchanged too, still keeping up appearances: ‘His manners were always so pleasing†¦his smiles and his easy address†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ Despite this, Elizabeth is able to tell that ‘Wickham’s affection for Lydia, was just what Elizabeth had expected to find it; not equal to Lydia’s for him.’ He simply married her for the money. It seems like the beginnings of a terrible marriage: ‘â€Å"Small as their chance of happiness†Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ and ‘â€Å"So imprudent a match on both sides†Ã¢â‚¬â„¢. Their marriage has an uncanny resemblance to that of Mr and Mrs Bennet; characters of opposite natures and views, uncomplimentary personalities and a marriage that happened due to uncontrollable passion, not love: ‘How little of permanent happiness could belong to a couple who were only brought together because their virtue’. Mr and Mrs Bennet, partly due to their unsuccessful marriage, prove to be terrible parents by the elopement. Jane’s letter gives us an insight in to the state at Longbourn. Mrs Bennet is described as quite unhelpful in the situation: ‘My poor mother is really ill and keeps her room.’ A good mother would try to at least provide comfort to her family and remain calm, steady and strong. Something Mrs Bennet does quite the opposite of, which is quite typical of her: ‘Could she exert herself it would be better, but this is not be expected’. Mrs Bennet influences Lydia to be flirty and exuberant from early on and it has a terrible effect. Mr Bennet, on the other hand, actually tries to handle the situation although he is grieved by the incident: ‘I never in my life saw him so affected.’ He tries to retrieve Lydia: ‘My father is going to London.’ But, it seems like an anger induced decision, ‘his excessive distress will not allow him to pursue any measure in the best and safest way’, which is not the way a good, responsible parent should react. Especially, because Mr Bennet was partly to blame for the whole incident as he never gives enough parental attention to Lydia and agrees to send her to Brighton even after Elizabeth’s pleas to withdraw the offer, simply because ‘â€Å"We shall have no peace at Longbourn if Lydia does not go to Brighton.†Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ This shows that he was lazy and couldn’t be bothered to deal with Lydia in the house, so it was easier just to send her away at that point. In the long run, of course, it made things much more difficult but both parents don’t seem to learn from this terrible incident at all. Mrs Bennet is delighted and happy as soon as the marriage between Lydia and Wickham is almost confirmed and is completely ignorant of past grievances caused by Lydia: ‘She was disturbed by no fear for her felicity, nor humbled by any remembrance of her misconduct.’ It was almost as if there had been no scandal in the whole affair: ‘No sentiment of shame gave a damp to her triumph.’ Even the want of new clothes trumped the ignominy of the elopement: ‘She was more alive to the disgrace, which the want of new clothes must reflect on her daughter’s nuptials, than to any sense of shame at her eloping and living with Wickham, a fortnight before they took place.’ The effect on Mr Bennet is a little different as in the beginning, he is extremely guilty: ‘Who should suffer but myself? It has been my own doing, and I ought to feel it.’ But after being ‘rendered spiritless by the ill-success of all their endeavours,’ in London, he gives up and leaves Mr Gardiner to continue the search for Lydia, going back to his indifferent shell: ‘he naturally returned to all his former indolence.’ Although he feels no guilt doing that, one should think he would feel it after Mr Gardiner’s hard work pays off and he fixes a marriage between Lydia and Wickham, while he just lazed around. This does not happen though, instead, he feels pleasure: ‘That it would be done with such trifling exertion on his side, too, was another very welcome surprise.’ Finally, another aspect the elopement has an effect on, is the distant relations such as Mr Collins and Lady Catherine de Bourgh. Mr Collins writes a letter to the Bennet family about the elopement, portraying his harsh characteristics. ‘The death of your daughter would have been a blessing in comparison to this’, he writes selfishly, because at least that wouldn’t disgrace his household. He also mentions that all relations of the Bennet family will be disgraced, including Lady Catherine’s agreement to add more power: ‘This false step in one daughter, will be injurious to the fortunes of all others, for who, as Lady Catherine herself condescendingly says, will connect themselves with such a family.’ As a solution, he writes in a very unforgiving and non-Christian manner to banish Lydia: â€Å"throw off your unworthy child from your affection for ever, and leave her to reap the fruits of her own heinous offence.† He doesn’t change his views even after Lydia and Wickham’s marriage: ‘You ought to certainly forgive them as a Christian, but never admit them in your sight, or allow their names to be mentioned in your hearing.’ For Lady Catherine, however, the Bennet’s disgrace is a weapon as she tries to use it against Elizabeth, in warning her to keep off Mr Darcy since she hears of their relationship: ‘â€Å"I am no stranger to the particulars of your youngest sister’s infamous elopement†¦Are the shades of Pemberley to be thus polluted?†Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ Ironically, it has the inverse effect and her visit becomes the means of uniting Elizabeth and Darcy, as Elizabeth’s reluctance to rejecting him, gives him new encourag ement: ‘â€Å"It taught me to hope†¦had you been absolutely, irrevocably decided against me, you would have acknowledged it to Lady Catherine, frankly and openly.†Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ In conclusion, the importance of the elopement is only truly understood after experiencing the aftermath, as the immediate effects and late effects of the elopement vary greatly for most people. It also has a different effect on different characters. For Elizabeth and Darcy, and Jane and Bingley, it is like a blessing in disguise but for Mr and Mrs Bennet, and Lydia and Wickham, it fails to have any good effect on the situation or characters. Instead, it reveals their flaws to others. This is the same for Mr Collins as he is shown as unforgiving of the disgrace extended to his household, and Lady Catherine’s insolent side is unveiled. The elopement changes the whole story and most characters revel in the change, thanks to Mr Darcy, with exceptions such as Lady Catherine and Miss Bingley.

My mother tongue Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

My mother tongue - Essay Example to learn that one’s native dialect forms a foundation for understanding other languages, but it is also difficult communicate when outside the cultural setting within which it is normally spoken. What’s more, I strongly believe that our cultures, family members, and peers influenced our mother tongue most. My mother tongue is Chinese. Regardless of the language I speak presently, I have spoken Chinese for my whole life. As such, I knew Chinese and English are totally different in some ways. For example, in terms of â€Å"Though†, Chinese grammar said you must have a transition â€Å"but† after words like though/although/even though. However, in English, it doesn’t, it’s wrong if we add â€Å"but† in the sentence. Well, my culture influenced me a lot in that way so that when I first came to United States 3 years ago, I kept making this mistake. Additionally, Chinese culture has one tense, what we did is just simply add a time period before sentence started. For instance, when we want to talk about something in the past, we just add â€Å"in the past† before the whole statement, followed by a comma, making all the succeeding words to be in the past tense. If we need to end that past tense, we simply add another transition word. However, in Engli sh, I came to learn that sentences could not be outlined like that. Instead, we should use past tense when talking about something in the past and use the future tense when something is about in the future. To that effect, my Chinese culture has influenced my grammar so much that I sometimes keep making mistakes when differentiating tenses. These examples show that, even though all languages are supposed to make communication between people easy, they can differ based on the cultural environments where they are used. My family and peers were the primary influence to my mother tongue as I grew up. As far as I remember, People who live in Zhejiang Province like me, find it hard to pronounce the letter â€Å"R† in Chinese

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Project Execution Case Study (Blue Spider Case) Essay

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Management Portfolio Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words - 5

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