Sunday, December 29, 2019

Anatomy of the Heart Aorta

Arteries are vessels that carry  blood  away from the  heart  and the aorta is the largest artery in the body. The heart is the organ of the cardiovascular system that functions to circulate blood along with pulmonary and systemic circuits. The aorta rises from the left ventricle of the heart, forms an arch, then extends down to the abdomen where it branches off into two smaller arteries. Several arteries extend from the aorta to deliver blood to the various regions of the body. Function of the Aorta The aorta carries and distributes oxygen-rich blood to all arteries. Most major arteries branch off from the aorta, with the exception of the main pulmonary artery. Structure of the Aortic Walls The walls of the aorta consist of three layers. They are the tunica adventitia, the tunica media, and the tunica intima. These layers are composed of connective tissue, as well as elastic fibers. These fibers allow the aorta to stretch to prevent over-expansion due to the pressure that is exerted on the walls by blood flow. Branches of the Aorta Ascending Aorta:  initial part of the aorta that begins from the aortic valve and extends from the left ventricle of the heart to the aortic arch.Coronary Arteries:  arteries branching from the ascending aorta to supply oxygenated blood to the heart wall. The two main coronary arteries are the right and left coronary arteries.Aortic Arch: curved section at the top of the aorta that bends backward connecting the ascending and descending portions of the aorta. Several arteries branch off from this arch to supply blood to the upper regions of the body.Brachiocephalic Artery:  supplies oxygenated blood to the head, neck, and arms. Arteries branching from this artery include the right common carotid artery and the right subclavian artery.Left Common Carotid Artery:  branches from the aorta and extends up the left side of the neck.Left Subclavian Artery:  branches from the aorta and extends to the left side of the upper chest and arms.Visceral Branches:  supply blood to the lun gs, pericardium, lymph nodes, and esophagus.Parietal Branches:  Ã¢â‚¬â€¹supply blood to the chest muscles, diaphragm, and spinal cord.Descending Aorta:  major portion of the aorta that extends from the aortic arch to the trunk of the body. It forms the thoracic aorta and abdominal aorta.Thoracic Aorta (Chest Region):Abdominal Aorta:Celiac Artery:  Ã¢â‚¬â€¹branches from the abdominal aorta into the left gastric, hepatic, and splenic arteries.Left Gastric Artery:  supplies blood to the esophagus and portions of the stomach.Hepatic Artery:  supplies blood to the liver.Splenic Artery:  supplies blood to the stomach, spleen, and pancreas.Superior Mesenteric Artery:  branches from the abdominal aorta and supplies blood to the intestines.Inferior Mesenteric Artery:  branches from the abdominal aorta and supplies blood to the colon and rectum.Renal Arteries:  branch from the abdominal aorta and supply blood to the kidneys.Ovarian Arteries:  supply blood to the female gon ads or ovaries.Testicular Arteries:  supply blood to the male gonads or testes.Common Iliac Arteries:  branch from the abdominal aorta and divide into internal and external iliac arteries near the pelvis.Internal Iliac Arteries:  supply blood to the organs of the pelvis (urinary bladder, prostate gland, and reproductive organs).External Iliac Arteries:  extend to the femoral arteries to supply blood to the legs.Femoral Arteries:  supply blood to the thighs, lower legs, and feet. Diseases of the Aorta Sometimes, the tissue of the aorta can be diseased and cause serious problems. Due to the break down of cells in diseased aortic tissue, the aortic wall weakens and the aorta can become enlarged. This type of condition is referred to as an aortic aneurysm. Aortic tissue may also tear causing blood to leak into the middle aortic wall layer. This is known as an aortic dissection. Both of these conditions may result from atherosclerosis (hardening of the arteries due to cholesterol build up), high blood pressure, connective tissue disorders, and trauma.

Saturday, December 21, 2019

What Is FearFear Is Defined As An Emotion That Is Caused

What is fear? Fear is defined as an emotion that is caused by the belief that someone or something is dangerous, known as a survival mechanism. Just about everyone in the world has at least one unreasonable fear, for example such as being frightfully scared of spiders or speaking in public. Most, are inclined to avoid the things that cause this fearful sense. A few usual fears appear simply as a slight bother or fret, commonly when you feel somewhat worried or jumpy about something. Just as the definition states sometimes though, fear comes suddenly in an unexpected situation with danger. This is what is called fight or flight. Your mind in this particular occurrence is ready to either run away and avoid the circumstance or fight off the†¦show more content†¦Let us begin by discussing about classical conditioning. Initially, you have to understand the notion of classical conditioning. It is when two stimuli are associated with one another in an individual’s brain bec ause of an experience one has had. Generally with respect to phobias, the incident in which it was obtained is more than likely a mentally damaging one for the individual. Classical conditioning can be dissected into four phases. The primary phase is known as the unconditioned stimulus, in which one a response to something is automatically prompted. The second phase is known as the unconditioned response, one that naturally takes place in response to the unconditioned stimuli. The next phase is known as the conditioned stimulus. This is where a past neutral stimulus after becoming connected to the unconditioned stimulus, over time prompts a conditioned response. Finally, the last phase known as the conditioned response, is the learned reaction to the foregoing stimulus. In simpler terms, by nature there will constantly be something that sets off a reaction from an individual. The reaction to the innate trigger is one that ordinarily occurs. Nevertheless, frequently this natural trig ger is matched with an unconnected action. This unconnected action as time passes, may eventually prompt the identical ungovernable response as the natural trigger. This in kind, generates a phobia. An example of this could be, an individual may have Arachnophobia, known as the fear ofShow MoreRelatedThe Virtue of Bravery Essays915 Words   |  4 Pagesof Bravery In this essay I will be describing the virtue of bravery. I will first define what Aristotle thinks virtue is, explain the virtue of bravery, and then finally reflect this virtue on my personal experience in the Shaw neighborhood. Aristotle breaks down virtue into four aspects which are: a state that decides in mean, consisting in a mean, the mean relative to us, which is defined by reference to reason(1107a). 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Friday, December 13, 2019

Night World Huntress Chapter 11 Free Essays

string(25) " secret looks about Val\." Hey, Morgead!† the voice was shouting even as the door went slamming and crashing open, sticking every few inches because it was old and warped and didn’t fit the frame anymore. Jez had jerked around at the first noise. The connection between her and Morgead was disrupted, although she could feel faint echoes of the silver thread, like a guitar string vibrating after it was strummed. We will write a custom essay sample on Night World : Huntress Chapter 11 or any similar topic only for you Order Now â€Å"Hey, Morgead-â€Å" â€Å"Hey, you still asleep-?† Several laughing, raucous people were crowding into the room. But the yelling stopped abruptly as they caught sight of Jez. There was a gasp, and then silence. Jez stood up to face them. She couldn’t afford to feel tired anymore; every muscle was lightly tensed, every sense alert She knew the danger she was in. Just like Morgead, they were the flotsam and jetsam of the San Francisco streets. The orphans, the ones who lived with indifferent relatives, the ones nobody in the Night World really wanted. The forgotten ones. Her gang. They were out of school and ready to rumble. Jez had always thought, from the day she and Morgead began picking these kids up, that the Night World was making a mistake in treating them like garbage. They might be young; they might not have families, but they had power. Every one of them had the strength to be a formidable opponent. And right now they were looking at her like a group of wolves looking at dinner. If they all decided to go for her at once, she would be in trouble. Somebody would end up getting killed. She faced them squarely, outwardly calm, as a quiet voice finally broke the silence. â€Å"It’s really you, Jez.† And then another voice, from beside Jez. â€Å"Yeah, she came back,† Morgead said carelessly. â€Å"She joined the gang again.† Jez shot him the briefest of sideways glances. She hadn’t expected him to help. He returned the look with an unreadable expression. â€Å". . . she came back?† somebody said blankly. Jez felt a twinge of amused sympathy. â€Å"That’s right,† she said, keeping her face grave. â€Å"I had to go away for a while, and I can’t tell you where, but now I’m back. I just fought my way back in-and I beat Morgead for the leadership.† She figured she might as well get it all over with at once. She had no idea how they were going to react to the idea of her as leader. There was another long moment of silence, and then a whoop. A sound that resembled a war cry. At the same instant there was a violent rush toward Jez-four people all throwing themselves at her. For a heartbeat she stood frozen, ready to fend off a four-fold attack. Then arms wrapped around her waist. â€Å"Jez! I missed you!† Someone slapped her on the back almost hard enough to knock her down. â€Å"You bad girl! You beat him again?† People were trying to hug her and punch her and pat her all at once. Jez had to struggle not to show she was overwhelmed. She hadn’t expected this of them. â€Å"It’s good to see you guys again,† she said. Her voice was very slightly unsteady. And it was the truth. Raven Mandril said, â€Å"You scared us when you disappeared, you know.† Raven was the tall, willowy one with the marble-pale skin. Her black hair was short in back and long in front, falling over one eye and obscuring it. The other eye, midnight blue, gleamed at Jez. Jez allowed herself to gleam back, just a bit. She had always liked Raven, who was the most mature of the group. â€Å"Sorry, girl.† â€Å"I wasn’t scared.† That was Thistle, still hugging Jez’s waist. Thistle Galena was the delicate one who had stopped her aging when she reached ten. She was as old as the others, but tiny and almost weightless. She had feathery blond hair, amethyst eyes, and little glistening white teeth. Her specialty was playing the lost child and then attacking any humans who tried to help her. â€Å"You’re never scared,† Jez told her, squeezing back. â€Å"She means she knew you were all right, wherever you were. I did, too,† Pierce Holt said. Pierce was the slender, cold boy, the one with the aristocratic face and the artist’s hands. He had dark blond hair and deep-set eyes and he seemed to carry his own windchill factor with him. But just now he was looking at Jez with cool approval. â€Å"I’m glad somebody thought so,† Jez said, with a glance at Morgead, who just looked condescending. â€Å"Yeah, well, some people were going crazy. They thought you were dead,† Valerian Stillman put in, following Jez’s look. Val was the big, heroic one, with deep russet hair, gray-flecked eyes, and the build of a linebacker. He was usually either laughing or yelling with impatience. â€Å"Morgead had us scouring the streets for you from Daly City to the Golden Gate Bridge-â€Å" â€Å"Because I was hoping a few of you would fall off,† Morgead said without emotion. â€Å"But I had no such luck. Now shut up, Val. We don’t have time for all this class-reunion stuff. We’ve got something important to do.† Thistle’s face lit up as she stepped back from Jez. â€Å"You mean a hunt?† â€Å"He means the Wild Power,† Raven said. Her one visible eye was fixed on Jez. â€Å"He’s told you already, hasn’t he?† â€Å"I didn’t need to tell her,† Morgead said. â€Å"She already knew. She came back because Hunter Red-fern wants to make a deal with us. The Wild Power for a place with him after the millennium.† He got a reaction-the one Jez knew he expected. Thistle squeaked with pleasure, Raven laughed huskily, Pierce gave one of his cold smiles, and Val roared. â€Å"He knows we’ve got the real thing! He doesn’t wanna mess with us!† he shouted. â€Å"That’s right, Val; I’m sure he’s quaking in his boots,† Morgead said. He glanced at Jez and rolled his eyes. Jez couldn’t help but grin. This really was like old times: she and Morgead trading secret looks about Val. There was a strange warmth sweeping through her-not the scary tingling heat she’d experienced with Morgead alone, but something simpler. A feeling of being with people who liked her and knew her. A feeling of belonging. She never felt that at her human school. She’d seen things that would drive her human classmates insane even to imagine. None of them had any idea of what the real world was like-or what Jez was like, for that matter. But now she was surrounded by people who understood her. And it felt so good that it was alarming. She hadn’t expected this, that she would slip back into the gang like a hand in a glove. Or that something inside her would look around and sigh and say, â€Å"We’re home.† Because I am not home, she told herself sternly. These are not my people. They don’t really know me, either†¦. But they don’t have to, the little sigh returned. You don’t ever need to tell them you’re human. There’s no reason for them to find out. Jez shoved the thought away, scrunched down hard on the sighing part of her mind. And hoped it would stay scrunched. She tried to focus on what the others were saying. Thistle was talking to Morgead, showing all her small teeth as she smiled. â€Å"So if you’ve got the terms settled, does that mean we get to do it now? We get to pick the little girl up?† â€Å"Today? Yeah, I guess we could.† Morgead looked at Jez. â€Å"We know her name and everything. It’s Iona Skelton, and she’s living just a couple buildings down from where the fire was. Thistle made friends with her earlier this week.† Jez was startled, although she kept her expression relaxed. She hadn’t expected things to move this fast. But it might all work out for the best, she realized, her mind turning over possibilities quickly. If she could snatch the kid and take her back to Hugh, this whole masquerade could be over by tomorrow. She might even live through it. â€Å"Don’t get too excited,† she warned Thistle, combing some bits of grass out of the smaller girl’s silk-floss hair. â€Å"Hunter wants the Wild Power alive and unharmed. He’s got plans for her.† â€Å"Plus, before we take her, we’ve got to test her,† Morgead said. Jez controlled an urge to swallow, went on combing Thistle’s hair with her fingers. â€Å"What do you mean, test her?† Td think that would be obvious. We can’t take the chance of sending Hunter a dud. We have to make sure she is the Wild Power.† Jez raised an eyebrow. â€Å"I thought you were sure,† she said, but of course she knew Morgead was right. She herself would have insisted Hugh find a way to test the little girl before doing anything else with her. The problem was that Morgead’s testing was likely to be †¦ unpleasant. â€Å"I’m sure, but I still want to test her!† Morgead snapped. â€Å"Do you have a problem with that?† â€Å"Only if it’s dangerous. For us, I mean. After all, she’s got some kind of power beyond imagining, right?† â€Å"And she’s in elementary school. I hardly think she’s gonna be able to take on six vampires.† The others were looking back and forth between Morgead and Jez like fans at a tennis match. â€Å"It’s just as if she never left,† Raven said dryly, and Val bellowed laughter while Thistle giggled. â€Å"They always sound so-married,† Pierce observed, with just a tinge of spite to his cold voice. Jez glared at them, aware that Morgead was doing the same. â€Å"I wouldn’t marry him if every other guy on earth was dead,† she informed Pierce. â€Å"If it were a choice between her and a human, I’d pick the human,† Morgead put in nastily. Everyone laughed at that. Even Jez. The sun glittered on the water at the Marina. On Jez’s left was a wide strip of green grass, where people were flying huge and colorful kites, complicated ones with dozens of rainbow tails. On the sidewalk people were Rollerblading and jogging and walking dogs. Everybody was wearing summer clothing; everybody was happy. It was different on the other side of the street. Everything changed over there. A line of pinky-brown concrete stood like a wall to mark the difference. There was a high school and then rows of a housing project, all the buildings identically square, flat, and ugly. And on the next street beyond them, there was nobody walking at all. Jez let Morgead take the lead on his motorcycle as he headed for those buildings. She always found this place depressing. He pulled into a narrow alley beside a store with a dilapidated sign proclaiming â€Å"Shellfish De Lish.† Val roared in after him, then Jez, then Raven with Thistle riding pillion behind her, and finally Pierce. They all turned off their motors. â€Å"That’s where she lives now; across the street,† Morgead said. â€Å"She and her mom are staying with her aunt. Nobody plays in the playground; it’s too dangerous. But Thistle might be able to get her to come down the stairs.† â€Å"Of course I can,† Thistle said calmly. She showed her pointed teeth in a grin. â€Å"Then we can grab her and be gone before her mom even notices,† Morgead said. â€Å"We can take her back to my place and do the test where it’s private.† Jez breathed once to calm the knot in her stomach. â€Å"Ill grab her,† she said. At least that way she might be able to whisper something comforting to the kid. â€Å"Thistle, you try to get her right out to the sidewalk. Everybody else, stay behind me-if she sees a bunch of motorcycles, she’ll probably freak. But be ready to gun it when I pull out and grab her. The noise should help cover up any screams. Raven, you pick up Thistle as soon as I get the kid, and we all go straight back to Morgead’s.† Everyone was nodding, looking pleased with the plan-except Morgead. â€Å"I think we should knock her out when we grab her. That way there won’t be any screams. Not to mention any blue fire when she figures out she’s being kidnapped-â€Å" â€Å"I already said how we’re going to do it,† Jez cut in flatly. â€Å"I don’t want her knocked out, and I don’t think she’ll be able to hurt us. Now, everybody get ready. Off you go, Thistle.† As Thistle skipped across the street, Morgead let out a sharp breath. His jaw was tight. â€Å"You never could take advice, Jez.† â€Å"And you never could take orders.† She could see him starting to sizzle, but only out of the corner of her eye. Most of her attention was focused on the housing building. It was such a desolate place. No graffiti-but no grass, either. A couple of dispirited trees in front. And that playground with a blue metal slide and a few motorcycles-on-springs to ride †¦ all looking new and untouched. â€Å"Imagine growing up in a place like this,† she said. Pierce laughed oddly. â€Å"You sound as if you feel sorry for her.† Jez glanced back. There was no sympathy in his deep-set dark eyes-and none in Raven’s midnight blue or Val’s hazel ones, either. Funny, she didn’t remember them being that heartless-but of course she hadn’t been sensitive to the issue back in the old days. She would never have stopped to wonder about what they felt for human children. â€Å"It’s because it’s a kid,† Morgead said brusquely. â€Å"It’s hard on any kid growing up in a place like this.† Jez glanced at him, surprised. She saw in his emerald green eyes what she’d missed in the others; a kind of bleak pity. Then he shrugged, and the expression was gone. Partly to change the subject, and partly because she was curious, she said, â€Å"Morgead? Do you know the prophecy with the line about the blind Maiden’s vision?† â€Å"What, this one?† He quoted: â€Å"Four to stand between the light and the shadow. Four of blue fire, power in their blood. Born in the year of the blind Maiden’s vision; Four less one and darkness triumphs.† â€Å"Yeah. What do you think â€Å"born in the year of the blind Maiden’s vision’ means?† He looked impatient. â€Å"Well, the Maiden has to be Aradia, right?† â€Å"Who’s that?† Val interrupted, his linebacker body quivering with interest. Morgead gave Jez one of his humoring-Val looks. â€Å"The Maiden of the Witches,† he said. â€Å"You know, the blind girl? The Maiden part of the Maiden, Mother, and Crone group that rules all the witches? She’s only one of the most important people in the Night World-â€Å" â€Å"Oh, yeah. I remember.† Val settled back. â€Å"I agree,† Jez said. â€Å"The blind Maiden has to be Aradia. But what does the ‘year of her vision’ mean? How old is this kid we’re snatching?† â€Å"About eight, I think.† â€Å"Did Aradia have some special vision eight years ago?† Morgead was staring across the street, now, his eyebrows together. â€Å"How should I know? She’s been having visions since she went blind, right? Which means, like, seventeen years’ worth of ’em. Who’s supposed to tell which one the poem means?† â€Å"What you mean is that you haven’t even tried to figure it out,† Jez said acidly. He threw her an evil glance. â€Å"You’re so smart; you do it.† Jez said nothing, but she made up her mind to do just that. For some reason, the poem bothered her. Aradia was eighteen now, and had been having visions since she lost her sight at the age of one. Some particular vision must have been special. Otherwise, why would it be included in the prophecy? It had to be important. And part of Jez’s mind was worried about it. Just then she saw movement across the street. A brown metal door was opening and two small figures were coming out. One with feathery blond hair, the other with tiny dark braids. They were hand in hand. Something twisted inside Jez. Just stay calm, stay calm, she told herself. It’s no good to think about grabbing her and making a run for the East Bay. They’ll just follow you; track you down. Stay cool and you’ll be able to get the kid free later. Yeah, after Morgead does his little â€Å"test.† But she stayed cool and didn’t move, breathing slowly and evenly as Thistle led the other girl down the stairs. When they reached the sidewalk, Jez pressed the starter button. She didn’t say â€Å"Now!† She didn’t need to. She just peeled out, knowing the others would follow like a flock of well-trained ducklings. She heard their engines roar to life, sensed them behind her in tight formation, and she headed straight for the sidewalk. The Wild Power kid wasn’t dumb. When she saw Jez’s motorcycle coming at her, she tried to run. Her mistake was that she tried to save Thistle, too. She tried to pull the little blond girl with her, but Thistle was suddenly strong, grabbing the chain-link fence with a small hand like steel, holding them both in place. Jez swooped in and caught her target neatly around the waist. She swooped the child onto the saddle facing her, felt the small body thud against her, felt hands clutch at her automatically for balance. Then she whipped past a parked car, twisted the throttle to get a surge of speed, and flew out of there. Behind her, she knew Raven was snagging Thistle and the others were all following. There wasn’t a scream or even a sound from the housing project. They were roaring down Taylor Street. They were passing the high school. They were making it away clean. â€Å"Hang on to me or you’ll fall off and get hurt!† Jez yelled to the child in front of her, making a turn so fast that her knee almost scraped the ground. She wanted to stay far enough ahead of the others that she could talk. â€Å"Take me back home!† The kid yelled it, but not hysterically. She hadn’t shrieked even once. Jez looked down at her. And found herself staring into deep, velvety brown eyes. Solemn eyes. They looked reproachful and unhappy-but not afraid. Jez was startled. She’d expected crying, terror, anger. But she had the feeling that this kid wouldn’t even be yelling if it hadn’t been the only way to be heard. Maybe I should have been more worried about what she’ll do to us. Maybe she can call blue fire down to kill people. Otherwise, how can she be so composed when she’s just been kidnapped? But those brown eyes-they weren’t the eyes of somebody about to attack. They were-Jez didn’t know what they were. But they wrenched her heart. â€Å"Look-Iona, right? That’s your name?† The kid nodded. â€Å"Look, Iona, I know this seems weird and scary- having somebody just grab you off the street. And I can’t explain everything now. But I promise you, you’re not going to get hurt. Nothing’s going to hurt you-okay?† â€Å"I want to go home.† Oh, kid, so do I, Jez thought suddenly. She had to blink hard. Tm going to take you home-or at least someplace safe,† she added, as honesty unexpectedly kicked in. There was something about the kid that made her not want to lie. â€Å"But first we’ve got to go to a friend of mine’s house. But, look, no matter how strange all this seems, I want you to remember something. I won’t let you get hurt. Okay? Can you believe that?† â€Å"My mom is going to be scared.† Jez took a deep breath and headed onto the freeway. â€Å"I promise I won’t let you get hurt,† she said again. And that was all she could say. She felt like a centaur, some creature that was half person and half steel horse, carrying off a human kid at sixty miles an hour. It was pointless to try to make conversation on the freeway, and Iona didn’t speak again until they were roaring up to Morgead’s building. Then she said simply, â€Å"I don’t want to go in there.† â€Å"It’s not a bad place,† Jez said, braking front and back. â€Å"We’re going up on the roof. There’s a little garden there.† A tiny flicker of interest showed in the solemn brown eyes. Four other bikes pulled in beside Jez. â€Å"Yeeehaw! We got her!† Val yelled, pulling off his helmet. â€Å"Yeah, and we’d better take her upstairs before somebody sees us,† Raven said, tossing her dark hair so it fell over one eye again. Thistle was climbing off the back of Raven’s motorcycle. Jez felt the small body in front of her stiffen. Thistle looked at Iona and smiled her sharp-toothed smile. Iona just looked back. She didn’t say a word, but after a minute Thistle flushed and turned away. â€Å"So now we’re going to test her, right? It’s time to test her, isn’t it, Morgead?† Jez had never heard Thistle’s voice so shrill-so disturbed. She glanced down at the child in front of her, but Morgead was speaking. â€Å"Yeah, it’s time to test her,† he said, sounding unexpectedly tired for somebody who’d just pulled off such a triumph. Who’d just caught a Wild Power that was going to make his career. â€Å"Let’s get it over with.† How to cite Night World : Huntress Chapter 11, Essay examples

Thursday, December 5, 2019

Competitive Strategy Strategy Formulation

Question: Describe about the Competitive Strategy for Strategy Formulation. Answer: Strategy: Key ideas: According to Aljneibi et al., (2015) in the present world business is considered to be modern wars and the business strategies are considered to be the war weapons. Therefore, the executives of the companies require constructing a set of strategies which are complex and lead to Victory. There are many different concepts and definitions given on the strategy, however; most of the companies could not distinguish between the strategy and the different objectives and tactics of the company (Rothaermel, 2015). A good strategy or for the formulation of a good strategy, a few points are needed to be included: a) Place: This one of the important question that requires being answered before the formation of the strategies of the company. Before planning the company strategies, the company first needs to decide and analyze the place where it requires selling its products and the competitors with whom it has to compete. b) Product: The next question is what ways can the company about the type of the product which the company deals with. The kind of product dealt with the company requires the appropriate market for its selling. c) Resources: For the development of the strategies the company also requires to focus on its resource availability also. For the implementation of the strategies that have been formed by the company, there is a requirement of the resource. d) Value sustention: The next factor is that in what ways the company could provide its customers with good and unique products so that it could keep up with the interest of the companies and maintain the sales flow of its products (com, 2016). Organization that would benefit from the application of strategy in their management: There are many of the companies that started well but do not have an effective management and marketing strategy for their business. As such is a company named Borders, a global book retailer that was founded in the year 1971. This was a company that at the starting had a very good employment services, and everyone there worked with utmost interest and sincerity, and the customer response was also excellent responsive. The company established its success for almost 20 years and then got acquainted with a department store chain named Kmart. Kmart was store chain that dealt with the clothes, jewelry, and toys. The two store chains were merged with a forecast of great success together. However, this did not turn out to be a success. The Borders earlier management team started leaving the company, and the customer response also got Detroit. The customers of the Borders were much interested in the book that it provided its customers with instead of the new chain of the clothes, toys and j ewelry that it collaborated with (TIME.com., 2016) In this case, the problem with the Borders Company was the strategy that it could not understand the product requirement of its customers. The problem with the Kmart Company was that it could not recognize the appropriate market place for the sales of its goods and instead collaborated with the Borders Company that does not have the correct market for the Kmart product. If these companies had applied their market strategies in a better way, these companies would not have poor management and organization (Hill, Jones Schilling, 2014). Business model innovation: Key ideas: Innovation is the most important and the key factor for any company to reduce or avoid its defeat due to dependency and also to survive and be competitive in todays world of competition. Innovation does not entirely refer to the innovating of the new technology and new development. It refers to the reconstructing and reinventing the already existing business model of a company. It could be described as the ability to learn and absorbing the techniques and the other important factors from the other companies and implementing them in the own companies so that the existing business model of the company could be improved (YouTube., 2016). This could be done by process of initiation, ideation, integration and implementation. Initiation means to analyze the own business model of the company for better assistance. Ideation is the confronting of the existing business model of the company with the 55 business models and developing and improvising the existing model. Integration is the checkin g and assuring of the consistency of the improved business model. The last step, implementation is the actually implementing the improved business model in the day to day business of the company. There are different techniques of the business model innovation used by many of the well know companies. Such, the Gillette is proving razors to the world at a very low price. However, the price of the blades of the company is obscenely higher. This is the business model innovation as the razor would definitely require blades and therefore, people would have to buy the blades so that they could use the razor. Organization that would benefit from the application of business model innovation in their management: The Blackberry, one of the most leading brands of mobile phones and business phones at a time, could be an example of a company that got Detroit because of not adopting new business model and to adapt the changing of the world. The company got its sales graph increased very fast and according to the graph also decreased. The Blackberry failed to adapt itself to the changing time and the changing taste of their customers (Martins, Rindova, Greenbaum, 2015). The customers with the rise of the Apple iphones and other android based smart phones, the passport smart phones of the Blackberry Company got demised somewhere in the middle. Slowly the taste of the consumers changed, however, the business model of the Blackberry yet remained the same. This dropped the total sales position of the company and in the present, the total market share of Blackberry is only 3%. However, now the Blackberry has realized their mistake and is now working on the improvisation of the business model. It has b een expected that Blackberry would regain itself and recover in a few years, however, it still would way far back from the companies like Apple and Samsung (Global.blackberry.com) References: 5 Reasons Borders Went Out of Business (and What Will Take Its Place) | TIME.com. (2016).TIME.com. Retrieved 10 September 2016, from https://business.time.com/2011/07/19/5-reasons-borders-went-out-of-business-and-what-will-take-its-place/ Aljneibi, S. S., Pollard, D., Soliman, A. (2015). Effectiveness of Strategic Evaluation's Tools on the Continuity of Internal Operations: A phenomenological study of the MOI in UAE.INNOVATIVE ORGANISATIONS AND GLOBAL MANAGEMENT: ISSUES AND POLICIES, 13. BlackBerry Enterprise Mobility, BBM, Smartphones Support - Global. (2016).Global.blackberry.com. Retrieved 10 September 2016, from https://global.blackberry.com/en/home.html Business Model Innovation. (2016).YouTube. Retrieved 10 September 2016, from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B4ZSGQW0UMI Hill, C. W., Jones, G. R., Schilling, M. A. (2014).Strategic management: theory: an integrated approach. Cengage Learning. Martins, L. L., Rindova, V. P., Greenbaum, B. E. (2015). Unlocking the hidden value of concepts: a cognitive approach to business model innovation.Strategic Entrepreneurship Journal,9(1), 99-117. Rothaermel, F. T. (2015).Strategic management. McGraw-Hill. What is Strategy?. (2016).YouTube. Retrieved 10 September 2016, from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TD7WSLeQtVw