Survivor or The Amazing Race Essay - 684 Words

Survivor or The Amazing Race? Reality television is well known for its exhibition in unscripted dramatic and often humorous events that portrays real life people as opposed to professional actors. Reality television is mostly associated with the years after 2000. Television’s popular, long-running reality series Survivor, and The Amazing Race both have similar goals and outcomes, despite their themes, challenges, and ingenuity. Survivor is far more entertaining than The Amazing Race with its use of clever challenges, cast elimination, and overall ingenuity. The ingenuity and overall quality of the challenges in Survivor is far more appealing than in The Amazing Race. In Survivor, the challenges mostly involve endurance, balance, mental†¦show more content†¦For example, in The Amazing Race, teams race across foreign countries to solve riddles and puzzles while being timed. Whereas Survivor involves physical, mental, and endurance to win the immunity idol, a hot cooked meal, and survive an elimination vote. Even though, The Amazing Race has a number of illustrious challenges, Survivor is simply more entertaining. Men and women wrestle for food, stab each other in the back, argue over petty issues, display love and anger towards one another while playing a strategic game of surviving the elements as well as outlasting one another. Likewise, the cast elimination in Survivor is more intense and suspenseful than The Amazing Race. Survivor’s clever idea in creating a cast vote elimination brought the audience a thrill seeker in wondering who will be voted off the island next. In comparison, The Amazing Race leaves the audience with a feeling of which ever team arrives at the checkpoint last automatically is voted off. Whereas, Survivor’s cast elimination grabs the audience’s attention from the very first episode with its use of jaw dropping cast vote off elimination. Generally, each season begins with a twist, something different to surprise the new castaways. In contrast, The Amazing Race does not create much of an excitement. Survivor is a game of adaptation, with two cast members left at the end drawing a conclusion to which player is most effective in adapting to their surroundings as well as the people they are competingShow MoreRelatedEssay about Self-Analysis of Writing Process962 Words   |  4 Pagesessay about The Series Survivor Vs. The Amazing Race, I had this sentence â€Å"Television’s popular, long-running reality series Survivor, and The Amazing Race both have similar goals and outcomes, despite their themes, challenges, and ingenuity.† My professor wrote, â€Å"how† on my response to the rough draft. 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My Family History Argumentative Essay Example For Students

My Family History Argumentative Essay Having a close circle of people is the most precious thing in the world. When you come home and see a bunch of happy faces, delicious dinner on the table and everything is flavored with sincerity and coziness – it enriches you with the feeling of worthiness. Family history is of the utmost importance due to your roots define the level of socialization, the network of contacts and the essence of you as a personality. My family history possesses a specific mood and discloses my individuality and peculiarity of my family. Understandably, it takes time to define the roots and it is nearly impossible if you do not contact with your grandparents or, even worse, if they passed away. Luckily, my grandmothers are still with me and, traditionally, we browse through old black – white photos and my grandparents recollect every meeting, each person and every event with tears in their eyes. Honestly, I marvel at my grandparents capacity to remember those old great days in history. I wish I could remember everything being 80 – plus – an aged lady as my grandparents did. We will write a custom essay on My Family History Argumentative specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now My Father’s Input into My Family’s History My father is used to retell our family’s history whenever there is the occasion for all the members of my family to gather together. He is the one who is responsible for letting us know his roots since his father has already laid down his life. The fact is that his mother is not into politics and army; therefore,  my father tells my granddads stories over and makes us believe all the magnificent life vicissitudes of those times. My father’s family always lived in the same district and they never moved to a new city. After joining the army, my father applied for a job in the local factory. It goes without saying that it was a kind of a family habit because my father’s parents also used to work there. It seemed like everything was plain and routine, but my uncle was obliged to join the army in Afghanistan. The whole family lived in fear and panic while hoping for his coming back. When my uncle came back it was like he was born for the second time. Grey hair, lost sight, and wrinkles all around his face, poor health – everything looked like he got pretty old; however, he was only up to 25. Now this story sounds magnificent and full of bravery, but those days it was dreadful. During the period of waiting for his brother, my father met my mother. She worked at the same factory, but, what a surprise, she was a young manager. My father was not interested in relationships because he wanted to change the sphere of occupation. His drawings are magnificent and he endeavored to enter the college, but the large family was poor and couldn’t allow spending the last coin on his getting degree. When my father made up with the attempt to become an artist, he paid attention to my mother – dark-haired manager with a cheerful smile and ambitious face. My Mother’s Input into My Family’s History Short haired lady with green eyes charmed young and handsome worker of the factory. My mother was born in another city and rented the flat close to work in a new city. It was a great opportunity for her to try herself in managerial work. Now, my mother knows that this step was crucial for her since she met her future husband. My mother’s family had nothing to do with the army since only two girls were brought up in the family. Family history of my mother is more diversified since her father was born in Poland. He was the representative of a specific ethnographic group of people – Lemkos. His future wife – my granny – was interested in medical history, especially, health issues were her passion. Due to the lack of money she couldn’t enter college. As my grandmother once told me those times were very hard and people tried the way to make money and have food. Education was the last issues which worried people of those days. To cut a long story short, medical history is great passion for my granny even nowadays. .u0078c8178a1b43a2b813ae4ab22e22d2 , .u0078c8178a1b43a2b813ae4ab22e22d2 .postImageUrl , .u0078c8178a1b43a2b813ae4ab22e22d2 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u0078c8178a1b43a2b813ae4ab22e22d2 , .u0078c8178a1b43a2b813ae4ab22e22d2:hover , .u0078c8178a1b43a2b813ae4ab22e22d2:visited , .u0078c8178a1b43a2b813ae4ab22e22d2:active { border:0!important; } .u0078c8178a1b43a2b813ae4ab22e22d2 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u0078c8178a1b43a2b813ae4ab22e22d2 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u0078c8178a1b43a2b813ae4ab22e22d2:active , .u0078c8178a1b43a2b813ae4ab22e22d2:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u0078c8178a1b43a2b813ae4ab22e22d2 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u0078c8178a1b43a2b813ae4ab22e22d2 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u0078c8178a1b43a2b813ae4ab22e22d2 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u0078c8178a1b43a2b813ae4ab22e22d2 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u0078c8178a1b43a2b813ae4ab22e22d2:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u0078c8178a1b43a2b813ae4ab22e22d2 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u0078c8178a1b43a2b813ae4ab22e22d2 .u0078c8178a1b43a2b813ae4ab22e22d2-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u0078c8178a1b43a2b813ae4ab22e22d2:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Chinese Society EssayA new job, new acquaintances and new way of life made my mother do great things which she knew would help her to develop good network of people. Such a magnificent kind of mood attracted my father and they have managed to start new family history. New Family – New History My family history is the thing to be developed and improved. Family history consists not only from positive moments, sometimes it is undermined with health issues. Fortunately, my family is strong and our new history is full of happy moments. If there is any trouble, we do not concentrate and that is the only right solution. My father was very happy to hear that my mother undertakes a specific kind of health – pregnancy. The first child was born and brought colors to their lives. My sister was of poor health and that period of life was stressful for my parents. Family history started to bloom and the second child was born, that was me – a cheerful and a bit naughty little lady with great ideas and magnificent ability of ‘parents’ irritation’. I appreciate my family history which is full of unforgettable moment. Moreover, this is great happiness to see that your family has deep roots with a number of generations which develop family history and enrich it with events, people, and emotions. When you know the history, it means that you can pass the stories to future generations. There will be more true stories and fewer myths, more things to share and fewer misunderstandings even in a new city. I  wish I could develop my part of our family history and pass on the knowledge I keep in my mind. Family history is the part of my essence since my behavior is built on my family.

The Bribery Scandal at Siemens Ag Essay Example Essay Example

The Bribery Scandal at Siemens Ag Essay Example Paper The Bribery Scandal at Siemens Ag Essay Introduction The Siemens bribery scandal brought to light a strategic dilemma facing multi-national firms attempting to gain a competitive edge by operating abroad; specifically, how can they balance adherence to their own ethical and legal standards with the customs required to do business efficiently, or perhaps at all, in foreign marketsGermany’s Co-Determination law has since drawn intense criticism as hampering competitiveness and creating untenable situations for management, rife with conflict-of-interest issues, not only because of Siemens, but also because of the number of other German-based companies accused of bribing labor union representatives.?The forced resignation of CEO, Klaus Kleinfeld, despite the resulting success during his tenure, illustrates the predicament international managers face with regard to conflicting operational methods, and leads us to larger questions about accountability within an organization.? As the case study author states, the Siemens scandal is rep resentative of what many firms believe is the inevitable â€Å"ethical cost of intense competition in global markets†, particularly emerging markets, where payments for contracts are described as common place and perhaps even required.?Perhaps the most glaringly problematic observation remains that the Siemens AG top management claims that they failed to notice rampant, and arguably conspicuous embezzlement leading to lucrative foreign contracts. The Bribery Scandal at Siemens Ag Essay Body Paragraphs Are there flaws in the German System of Corporate Governance? The 2007 scandal resulting in charges against Siemens’ Chief of Information Technology, Johannes Feldmayer, and Chief of Finance, Karl-Hermann Baumann, was rooted in illegal payments designed to work around German corporate governance laws. In this instance, IG Metall complained that Siemens was illegally funding smaller, rival union, AUB, in an attempt to grow and cultivate it as an ally against IG Metall in the bargaining process. This scandal marked the beginning of the unearthing of unethical behaviors in other German-based firms that have since lead to criticism that the Co-Determination law is antiquated and hampers competitiveness. The Co-Determination law was designed to provide a mechanism for worker participation in management decision-making via a two-tiered system with a supervisory board having oversight of the management board. Critics, however, argue that the law, in fact, limits the management boardà ¢â‚¬â„¢s ability to make strategic decisions due to the control exerted by labor holding 50% of the seats on the supervisory board. I agree with the author’s statement that this creates, â€Å"a suspicious alliance between the management and the labor representatives†. The end result was often agreements made prior to the official meetings to facilitate outcomes favorable to management. Although the law was meant to bring balance to the corporate governance structure, I would argue that the potential for corruption of the labor representatives, or on the other end of the spectrum, obstruction of the management board, has a destabilizing effect likely to manifest in questionable and dysfunctional partnerships, such as was the case with Siemens. Another component of the Co-Determination law prevents selection of supervisory board members who are non-German, regardless of the expertise or perspective they could bring to the table. Naturally, the result is a limited, often recurring, and potentially like-minded pool of candidates, which the author points out, may have contributed to the ousting of Kleinfeld. The facts presented indicate that the lion’s share of the bribery scandal took place under Heinrich von Pierer, who was the CEO from 1992 until 2005, and the supervisory board chairman from 2005 to 2007. Kleinfeld took over in 2005 and, within a period of only two years, had accomplished a remarkable and profitable restructuring, as evidenced by a 26% increase in the stock price. This was not without growing pains, however, as it is speculated that Kleinfeld’s aggressive management style, often described as â€Å"American†, did not meet with the approval of the more conservative supervisory board. As such, analysts opined that the bribery scandal was used as an opportunity to remove Kleinfeld, citing the need for a â€Å"new beginning†. I agree that this is likely the case. The growth under Kleinfeld was impressive, pa rticularly given the timeframe. Furthermore, the timing of the actual instances of bribery put them squarely during von Pierer’s tenure as CEO; and he had already stepped down from the supervisory board. Nevertheless, under the power granted by the Co-Determination law, the supervisory board opted to bring in a new CEO, Peter Loescher, indicating, in my opinion, that its issue with Kleinfeld was not performance based. Why Such Risky Business? The history of Siemens AG paints a picture of a successful and arguably dominant multi-national firm, with a reputation for a war chest of competencies and innovative products. The obvious question, then, is why would a firm with this resume and list of global achievements become involved with corruption and criminal behavior? The author recounts the opinions of analysts who believe the answer is simple; many firms view the types of payments at the heart of the Siemens scandal to be the necessary cost of doing business in the current glo bal environment. At first glance, the facts of this case may seem to support this theory. There were â‚ ¬420 million of questionable payments made over a seven year period from 1999 to 2006. Official Siemens records showed the payments as having gone to external consultants. It was determined, however, that they were actually paid to foreign purchasing officials and that the expenditures coincided with the procurement of â€Å"fixed line telecommunications business in various international markets†, including Italy, Puerto Rico, Greece, and the United States. By March of 2007, two former Siemens managers were convicted of embezzlement of company funds for the purpose of bribing foreign officials. The employees argued that their actions did not violate any laws, resulted in no personal gain, and were taken solely for the purpose of improving Siemens’ positioning. They argued that they worked, only to secure a lucrative deal in which the payments were required by Enel management as part of the standard bid process. In fact, Siemens AG argued that the court order requiring forfeiture of earnings from the contract, prior to 2002 when the German government instituted a law prohibiting bribes to private officials abroad, specifically, had no basis in law. As previously stated, these events may appear to support the case in favor of questionable payments and loose ethical boundaries as a necessary cost of business. It is my opinion, however, that these events illustrate a flawed management culture and strategy. They are evidence of a system where a focus on true technological innovation has given way to a focus on unfettered expansion, and the unnatural duplication of the monopolistic type control over infrastructure in developing countries that was enjoyed during previous decades in other parts of the now industrialized world. If Siemens had bolstered their technologically competitive strength, they would not need to rely so heavily on their financi al strength to gain entry into markets. Is this the New Cost of Doing Business? The fact that Siemens top management continue to take the official position that, despite the scope, depth, and intricacies of the bribery scandal, they had no knowledge of it remains difficult to explain. Further, they take no responsibility, save acknowledgement that they lacked adequate internal compliance systems. I find the truthfulness of this position to be of remote possibility due to the conspicuousness and magnitude of the payments, as well as their direct correlation with the securing of highly lucrative contracts. Moreover, the idea that entire sections of Siemens’ managers were of the character that they would be comfortable blatantly committing criminal acts for the sole benefit of their employer, but not themselves, I find to be quite counter-intuitive. The debate over whether events such as those unearthed at Siemens are part of the usual and customary cost of doing business abroad must be framed in terms of the complete denial of culpability by the top management. A legitimate, above-board expense is accounted for, tracked, and justified; this is the case even when it is outside the norms of the firm’s home country. It is not hidden from shareholders. A buffer of scapegoat-able employees need not lie between it and top management. If a light cannot be readily shown upon it, I believe it is without question, unethical. Whether or not it is illegal, however, depends upon the laws in the countries the firm is operating in. I could conceive of a situation where a firm could distribute cash â€Å"incentive† payments openly, on the books, as well as legally. In addition, firms have other options. They could improve their offerings to increase the competitiveness of the bid, and/or structure them with above-board incentives. They could operate with a clear and unwavering zero-tolerance policy for bribery; recognizing that it will be necessary to educa te those conducting bid processes in markets where it is believed to be common to expect questionable payments. A firm could also exercise patience, and restraint, and be willing to walk away from markets requiring participation in corrupt processes. The Kleinfeld Conclusion. The Siemens AG supervisory board did provide adequate justification for the decision not to renew Kleinfeld’s contract, due to the scandals breaking during his time as CEO; yet, I believe that they were wrong in doing so in light of his track record of impressive and expedient accomplishments. Though his termination clearly pleased the board, unless Mr.Loescher is able to maintain the growth trajectory set by Kleinfeld, I believe his departure will not inspire confidence from management or shareholders. This is of concern because confidence has a direct impact on value, which could make it harder to move beyond the bribery scandal. Was it Worth It? One question still remains: was Siemens really at fault, given the apparent prevalence of these sorts of issues among other German companies; or was their only sin getting caught? It is my opinion that the magnitude of the â€Å"bribing† which took place at Siemens made it highly unlikely that knowledge of it would stay buried. I believe Siemens had to have anticipated this, hence the buffer between top management and the â€Å"bribers†. I believe they made a calculated business decision that whatever the consequence may ultimately be, it was a greater benefit to get a foot hold in the infrastructure of those markets. In short, yes, Siemens is to blame, and yes, they are okay with it. Bibliography Deresky, H. (2011). International Management: Managing Across Borders and Cultures (7th Edition ed. ). Upper Saddle River: Prentice Hall. We will write a custom essay sample on The Bribery Scandal at Siemens Ag Essay Example specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Bribery Scandal at Siemens Ag Essay Example specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Bribery Scandal at Siemens Ag Essay Example specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer

MITOSIS essays

MITOSIS essays Mitosis is the nuclear division in which the duplicated chromosomes separate to form two genetically identical daughter nuclei. It is also a phase in cell cycle in which the microtubular apparatus assembles, binds to the chromosomes, and moves the sister chromatids apart. Mitosis is the essential step in the separation of the two daughter genomes. Mitosis is subdivided into four stages, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. Prophase is the first stage of mitosis characterized by the formation of a microtubule spindle along the future axis of division, the shortening and thickening of the chromosomes and their movement toward the equator of the spindle. The nucleolus also starts to disappear and the chromosomes condense. Metaphase is the second stage of mitosis. In this stage microtubules become organized into a spindle and the chromosomes come to lie in the spindles equatorial plane. When viewing this with a light microscope the chromosomes appear to arrange themselves in a circle along the inner circumference of the cell. Anaphase is the next stage of mitosis. In this stage the sister chromatids begin to separate and the daughter chromosomes move to opposite poles of the cell. Kinetochore microtubules shorten, polar microtubules elongate, and the cell begins to prepare for cytokinesis. The final stage of mitosis is telophase. In this stage the spindle apparatus disables, as the microtubules are broken down into tubulin monomers that can be used to construct the cytoskeletons of the daughter cells. The sister chromatids can now be called chromosomes because each has its own centromere. The chromosomes soon begin to uncoil into the more extended form that permits gene expression. Mitosis is now complete at the end of telophase. The eukaryotic cell has separated its replicated genome into two nuclei positioned at opposite ends of the cell. ...

The Origins of African-American Christianity Essay

The Origins of African-American Christianity - Essay Example Traditional Ibo Religion and Culture written by Olaudah Equiano in the book’s first chapter adequately describes the traditional black religion. He specifically narrates the dichotomy of people involved in this ancient tradition. Hence, the account gives the reader an insight about the set-up of the mentioned African religion. Equiano gives an example that in the Ibo religion, places of worship merit no importance. Yet, he briefly explains that the traditional religion has priests and magicians as superiors of their worship. At the same time, the author expounds this information by explaining the multiple tasks of these religious leaders in the form of traditional witch-doctors (Equiano 14-16). Equiano does not only focus on the key personalities in Ibo religion, he also expounds on their beliefs and the rituals that form a specific culture. He narrates the burial culture of the African people and the accompanying beliefs that they incorporate death with poison (Equiano 17-18) . However, the author gives light to Christianity that the blacks had encountered in America. He mentions the belief in God and the injustice that is created with the slave trade (Equiano 18). African Religions in Colonial Jamaica by Bryan Edwards in the book’s next chapter further expounds the traditional African religion in the American colonies in the Caribbean. Once again, this specific segment brings the reader into the context of slavery where the blacks retain the tradition they had come to know in their native African home. The discourse of Edwards in this portion is indeed simple: he shares to the audience the taboo rituals of the African slaves which is predominant in the Christian lands of the American colonies (Edwards 20-23). How important is the second chapter to the first? Edward’s narrative tends to explain the strength of the African tradition and religion that is presented in the first. It is in this part that he details the culture that has been form ed during the height of the slave trade in the Americas. This chapter solidifies the transposition of the African experience unto foreign soils, thus creating an African Diaspora. The third chapter acts as glue to the first and the second because it discusses the eventual conversion of the African slaves to Christianity. Slave Conversion on the Carolina Frontier by Francis Le Jau is to be considered as the most reliable primary source when it comes to the history of black Christianity in the Americas. This particular account divulges Le Jau’s efforts of converting the native and African Americans in South Carolina to Anglicanism, the state religion of the British Colonial Empire. It explains the primary reason of their utter conversion – the opposition to black slavery and the abuses of the planters. The Reverend’s first hand experiences with the converts gave him an initial view of what America would turn into after the British rule – a society of mixed white and black Americans. This chapter also serves as basis for the growth that black Christianity would experience up to the outburst of the American Revolution. As what each chapter has narrated, the reader can see the importance narrative development in the respective authors’

Race and Criminal Justice Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Race and Criminal Justice - Research Paper Example The types of crimes that are in the spotlight when racial discrimination is discussed within these quarters matter (Neugebauer, 2000). Researchers have also placed a higher barrier when racism is discussed with the focus of their studies mainly being the black population rather than the reasons why they have been incarcerated. Furthermore, this paper has been researched on the backdrop of the fact that within the past two decades, racism, conscious and unconscious, individual and institutional, has been uncovered in all major criminal justice agencies and more so within the prisons and the police (Bhui, 2008). The purpose of this paper is to conduct a research on how the two, race and the criminal justice system interact and whether there are any undertones that require being addressed from a policy-making point of view. The main method of research will be the use of surveys where ten participants have been identified to participate in this research. The main method used to conduct the survey will dwell both on the oral and the electronic forms to allow for greater elaboration of any unclear sentiments. Confidentiality will be maintained with each participant assured of their privacy. America is one of the most racially diverse nations in the world. However, despite the fact that people feel that racism was fought against and won over after the civil rights movements took issue with the apparent discrimination, many still believe that racism is one of the most rife topics in the country. More so, people have taken an offensive against the criminal justice system where they believe that the American criminal justice system has become a racially biased institution whose main targets are African-Americans (Quigley, 2010). According to the Political Research Associates (2006), roughly 70% of the nearly 2.1 million adult men and women in prison are persons of color. This has led to the conclusion by many that the

Key Events in the Space Race Essay Example for Free

Key Events in the Space Race Essay The 60s were infamous for many rapidly changing aspects pertaining to different topics at the time. The subject of space was one not to be left behind. This decade would be one of the world’s golden ages of extraterrestrial research and every event during this time would be recorded into history. In a period most people know as the ‘Space Race’, the Soviet Union (USSR) and the United States (USA) would compete for supremacy in space exploration. Most events occurred in this decade, but the period of the ‘Space Race’ itself lasted from the 1957 to 1975. Sputnik 1, the world’s first artificial satellite, was launched on October 4th, 1957 by the USSR. Sputnik itself was a polished metal sphere, 23 in. in diameter, with four external radio antennae to broadcast radio pulses. It was sent into an elliptical, low-Earth orbit and provided scientists with information. Its purpose was to measure the density and composition of the upper atmosphere, as well as measuring solar radiation, magnetic fields, cosmic rays, etc. It travelled at about 18,000 mi. per hour, taking 96. 2 minutes to complete each orbit. Signals continued to reach Earth for 22 days until the transmitter batteries ran out of energy on October 26, 1957. Sputnik burned up on January 4, 1958 as it fell from orbit upon reentering Earths atmosphere. It travelled at about 43. 5 million miles and spent a total of 3 months in orbit. Although life had been sent into space before, Yuri Gagarin would be the first human to exit Earth’s atmosphere. He was born on March 9, 1934 in a small village in the Soviet Union called Klushino. The cosmonaut boarded onto Vostok, a craft that consisted of a spherical descent module, 2. meters in diameter, which housed the astronaut, instruments, escape system, and a conical instrument module, containing propellant and the engine system. Upon reentry into the Earth’s atmosphere, the cosmonaut would eject from the craft at about 7,000 m. and descend via parachute, while the capsule would land separately. Gagarin’s mission to circle the Earth on April 12, 1961 lasted for 1 hour and 48 minutes. He was only 27 years old at the time and that was the first and last time he went into space, since he was too valued to send on a risky mission again. Gagarin may have been the first human in space, but Alan Shepard became the first American to exit Earth’s atmosphere. He was born on November 18, 1923 in Derry, New Hampshire. Although the flight was originally scheduled for October 1960, delays by unplanned preparatory work meant that this was postponed several times, initially to March 6, 1961 and finally to May 5. On April 12, 1961, Soviet astronaut Yuri Gagarin had become the first person in space and to orbit the Earth. On May 5, 1961, Shepard piloted the Freedom 7 mission and became the second person, and the first American, to travel into space. The suborbital flight only lasted a mere 15 minutes, but the launch was seen live by millions. While the USSR was showering in fame and glory, ahead of the US in the ‘Space Race’, America’s President John F. Kennedy declared the dramatic and ambitious goal of sending a citizen safely to the Moon before the end of the decade on May 29, 1961. This was announced before a special joint session of Congress. This decision would soon change the world forever in 1969. The Soviet Union left the United States in the dust again when they sent Alexey Leonov, a Russian cosmonaut, to become the first human to conduct a spacewalk on March 18, 1965. He was born on May 30, 1934 in Listvyanka, Kemerovo Oblast, USSR. His walk in space was originally to have taken place on the Vostok 11 mission, but this was cancelled, and the historic event happened on the Voskhod 2 flight instead. He was outside the spacecraft for 12 minutes and nine seconds, connected to the craft by a 5. 35 m. tether. America was humiliated once again in early 1966 as it watched the USSR successfully land the world’s first spacecraft to achieve a soft landing on the Moon. Luna 9 was launched on January 31, 1966 and landed on the Moon’s surface on February 3, 1966. Its mission was to land safely on any planetary body other than Earth and to transmit photographic data back. Signals lasted for 6 days until the last transmission was sent on February 6, 1966. The spotlight was moved from the Soviet Union onto the US for once when the country launched the Apollo 11 mission, an event that would forever change history. The primary objective of Apollo 11 was to complete a national goal set by President John F. Kennedy on May 25, 1961: perform a crewed lunar landing and return to Earth. The crew consisted of Neil Armstrong as the Commander, Michael Collins as Command Module Pilot, and Edwin Buzz E. Aldrin, Jr. as the Lunar Module Pilot. Apollo 11 was launched on July 16, 1969 and successfully landed on the Moon on July 20, 1969. Millions of American watched the event live on television. Armstrong set foot on the moon and declared â€Å"That’s one small step for man, one giant leap for mankind. † A few minutes later, Aldrin joined him. Together they collected soil samples and took photographs. They stayed on the moon for 21 hours. Many experiments were tested and 22 kilograms of lunar samples were collected. On July 24, the astronauts returned home aboard the command module Columbia, landing in the Pacific Ocean. On August 13, they rode in parades in their honor in New York, Chicago, and Los Angeles. Indeed, the time of the ‘Space Race’ is one not to be forgotten by the world. The Soviet Union and United States must be well acknowledged for all the effort spent on the study of space alone. While the USSR won some battles, the US won others. That, however, will never change the fact that they impacted the world, science, and history today.